The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic Lactobacilli addition on Listeria monocytogenes load, inflammatory reaction, and virulence properties in broilers from 1 to 14 D of age. A total of 480 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 6 replicates each. All birds were infected with L. monocytogenes on the first day and supplemented an equal amount mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum at doses of 0 (control), 10 6 , 10 8 , 10 10 cfu/kg of diet. The results showed that on 7 and 14 D after administration, Lactobacilli addition at the 3 doses decreased ( P < 0.05) L. monocytogenes loads in the cecum, skin, liver, and spleen by 0.065 to 0.933 log 10 cfu, and the pathogen linearly reduced ( P ≤ 0.015) with the increasing doses of probiotics in the skin. Serum cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ in probiotics treatments were decreased ( P < 0.05) by 25.4 to 51.1%. Transcriptional levels of genes related to anti-inflammatory reactions including IL-10, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha ( HIF1A ), prostaglandin E receptor 2, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in the intestinal mucosa were upregulated ( P < 0.05) in Lactobacilli treatments, and linear and quadratic responses ( P ≤ 0.019) were found on HIF1A. Furthermore, the probiotics attenuated ( P < 0.05) listerial adhesion, pore-forming, and invasion properties by downregulating autolysin Ami, listeriolysin O, internalin A and B, and a linear ( P = 0.006) dose response of probiotics was exhibited on flagellin. The findings indicate that dietary coadministration of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum can attenuate L. monocytogenes infection by depressing its intestinal inoculation, translocation, inflammatory reaction, and virulence property in broilers and suggest that the probiotics can be an alternative against listerial infection in broilers.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S.m.) aerial parts as an alternative ingredient on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes in growing rabbits.Methods: Treatments included five tested diets: a control (basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet+enramycin at 5 mg/kg), and S.m. aerial parts powder added at 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0% of feed using 300 growing rabbits. Results:The diets with S.m. aerial parts addition at 9.0% decreased (p<0.05) feed/gain compared to the control, but there were no differences in feed intake and body weight gain. In contrast with the control, the addition of antibiotic increased (p<0.05) digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, fiber, and ash. The herb addition did not cause differences in the digestibility of most nutrients compared to the antibiotic, but fiber digestibility of the herb at 6.0 and 9.0% was lower (p<0.05) than that of the antibiotic. Moreover, the antibiotic and the herb also similarly increased (p<0.05) the activities of duodenal α-amylase, maltase, lipase, and trypsin, compared to the control, and the herb at 6.0 and 9.0% showed a greater (p<0.05) activity of elastase than the dose 3.0%. Conclusion:The obtained data indicate that S.m. aerial parts can be a potential forage in rabbit's diet at 9.0% with a beneficial regulation on nutrition and digestion.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the growth performance, nutrient digestion, blood parameters and immunity of broilers under oxidative stress. Five treatments included negative control, positive control with lipopolysaccharide induction and TMP addition at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of diet using 600 male Arbor Acres broiler chicks. Results showed that during 1–14 days of age, body weight gain and feed efficiency in the positive control were worsened (p < .05) compared with the negative control, while with incremental TMP doses from 0 to 150 mg/kg there were linear and quadratic increases (p < .001) in body weight gain and a linear decrease in feed/gain (p = .001). During 12–14 days of age, with incremental TMP doses, crude protein digestibility was linearly increased (p = .001), and gross energy utilization was linearly and quadratically changed (p < .001). At 14 days of age, the TMP beneficially regulated digestive enzymes, blood parameters and immunoglobulins, showing linear and quadratic responses (p ≤ .008) on trypsin, lipase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glucose, lipoproteins, albumin, immunoglobulins (M, Y), interleukin 6 and interferon α, and only linear changes (p ≤ .030) on amylase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, immunoglobulin A and interleukin 2. Most parameters in TMP groups reached to the levels of negative control and the effects of TMP at 100 or 150 mg/kg were more pronounced on body weight gain, crude protein digestibility, trypsin and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. It is concluded that TMP can be used as a feed additive capable of improving growth, blood parameter and immunity of broiler chicks under oxidative stress.
Granulosa cells are essential for follicle initiation and development, and their abnormal function or apoptosis is a crucial factor leading to follicular atresia. A state of oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the regulation of the antioxidant system is disturbed. Oxidative stress is one of the most important causes of the abnormal function and apoptosis of granulosa cells. Oxidative stress in granulosa cells causes female reproductive system diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure. In recent years, studies have confirmed that the mechanism of oxidative stress in granulosa cells is closely linked to the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, FOXO axis, Nrf2 pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and mitophagy. It has been found that drugs such as sulforaphane, Periplaneta americana peptide, and resveratrol can mitigate the functional damage caused by oxidative stress on granulosa cells. This paper reviews some of the mechanisms involved in oxidative stress in granulosa cells and describes the mechanisms underlying the pharmacological treatment of oxidative stress in granulosa cells.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on egg production, yolk components, cholesterol metabolism, and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in hens. Four treatment diets included a control and LAB added at 3 × 10 5 (low), 3 × 10 7 (medium), or 3 × 10 9 (high) cfu/kg. The treatment LAB contained equal amounts of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecium. Results showed that high LAB increased (p<0.05) laying rate, egg mass, and yolk phospholipid, but decreased (p<0.05) yolk triglyceride and phosvitin. Diets with LAB decreased (p<0.05) yolk and serum cholesterol content, and serum bile acid by 9.3 to 39.9%. In liver, high LAB downregulated (p<0.05) mRNA expression of serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit (PRKAA1, 2), and protein phosphatase catalytic subunits (PPP2CA, PPP2CB and PPP3CA) by 49.5 to 175.4%. In mucosa, high LAB downregulated (p<0.05) PRKAA1 and HMGR by 68.2 and 69.6%, respectively; but upregulated (p<0.05) PPP2CA and PPP2CB by 51.2 and 45%, respectively. Linear decreasing (p≤0.035) responses to LAB doses were found on cholesterol, phosvitin, bile acid, and hepatic gene expressions, and quadratic (p≤0.006) effects on yolk cholesterol and hepatic STK11. It is concluded that probiotic LAB can improve yolk components and decrease hepatic cholesterol synthesis by regulating HMGR pathway in hens.
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