Tissue‐engineered hydrogels have received extensive attention as their mechanical properties, chemical compositions, and biological signals can be dynamically modified for mimicking extracellular matrices (ECM). Herein, the synthesis of novel double network (DN) hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties using combinatorial screening methods is reported. Furthermore, nanoengineered (NE) hydrogels are constructed by addition of ultrathin 2D black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets to the DN hydrogels with multiple functions for mimicking the ECM microenvironment to induce tissue regeneration. Notably, it is found that the BP nanosheets exhibit intrinsic properties for induced CaP crystal particle formation and therefore improve the mineralization ability of NE hydrogels. Finally, in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that the BP nanosheets, mineralized CaP crystal nanoparticles, and excellent mechanical properties provide a favorable ECM microenvironment to mediate greater osteogenic cell differentiation and bone regeneration. Consequently, the combination of bioactive chemical materials and excellent mechanical stimuli of NE hydrogels inspire novel engineering strategies for bone‐tissue regeneration.
Pollutant degradation via periodate (IO 4 − )-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) provides an economical, energy-efficient way for sustainable pollution control. Although single-atomic metal activation (SMA) can be exploited to optimize the pollution degradation process and understand the associated mechanisms governing IO 4 − -based AOPs, studies on this topic are rare. Herein, we demonstrated the first instance of using SMA for IO 4 − analysis by employing atomically dispersed Co active sites supported by N-doped graphene (N-rGO-CoSA) activators. N-rGO-CoSA efficiently activated IO 4 − for organic pollutant degradation over a wide pH range without producing radical species. The IO 4 − species underwent stoichiometric decomposition to generate the iodate (IO 3 − ) species. Whereas Co 2+ and Co 3 O 4 could not drive IO 4− activation; the Co−N coordination sites exhibited high activation efficiency. The conductive graphene matrix reduced the contaminants/electron transport distance/resistance for these oxidation reactions and boosted the activation capacity by working in conjunction with metal centers. The N-rGO-CoSA/IO 4 − system exhibited a substrate-dependent reactivity that was not caused by iodyl (IO 3• ) radicals. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that the N-rGO-CoSA/IO 4 − system decomposed organic pollutants via electron-transfer-mediated nonradical processes, where N-rGO-CoSA/periodate* metastable complexes were the predominant oxidants, thereby opening a new avenue for designing efficient IO 4 − activators for the selective oxidation of organic pollutants.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.