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Objective: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the complications experienced by patients with diabetes. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been investigated because of their role in the progression of various diseases, including DCM. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of lncRNA GAS5 in high-glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte injury and apoptosis. Materials and methods: We constructed HG-induced AC16 cardiomyocytes and a streptozotocin-induced rat diabetes model. GAS5 was overexpressed and knocked out at the cellular level, and GAS5 was knocked down by lentiviruses at the animal level to observe its effect on myocardial injury. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of GAS5. Cell proliferation and apoptosis after GAS5 knockout were detected by CCK-8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry assays. ELISA was used to detect the changes in myocardial enzyme content in cells and animal myocardial tissues during the action of GAS5 on myocardial injury. Results: GAS5 expression was up-regulated in HG-treated AC16 cardiomyocytes and the rat diabetic myocardial injury model. The down-regulation of GAS5 inhibited HG-induced myocardial damage. This work proved that GAS5 konckdown reversed cardiomyocyte injury and apoptosis by targeting miR-138 to down-regulate CYP11B2. Conclusion: We confirmed for the first time that the down-regulation of GAS5 could reverse CYP11B2 via the miR-138 axis to reverse HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury. This research might provide a new direction for explaining the developmental mechanism of DCM and potential targets for the treatment of myocardial injury.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) allows direct conversion of wet biomass into biocrude oil, which has comparable energy content to petroleum. The stability of biocrude oil has significant effects on the downstream oil-refining and field applications. In this work, we investigated the physiochemical properties of HTL biocrude oil converted from Spirulina at different storage times and environment conditions: temperature (15 and 35 °C), headspace environment gas (air or N2), and storage duration (up to 12 weeks). A layer of “oxidation shell” was formed on top of the biocrude oil during the storage. The rigidity of the “oxidation shell” and the viscosity of the inner oil increased significantly when the temperature shifted from 15 to 35 °C. The total acid number of the biocrude oil decreased by 22.6–24% in an N2 environment but increased by 9.1–10.1% in air, regardless of the temperature, after long-term storage. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant differences among chemical compositions in biocrude oil. Seven aging pathways were proposed for the physiochemical property transformation of algal biocrude oil during different storage scenarios. The formation of the “oxidation shell” was mainly due to the oxidation and polymerization of phenols and nitrogen-containing compounds, whereas the aging of the inner biocrude oil was caused by esterification and polymerization of esters, phenols, ketones, and nitrogen-containing compounds.

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