Weathered granite has been widely used as an emerging foundation filler for constructing transportation infrastructure. However, various softened rocks weathered due to exposure to water have special properties. Thus, it is necessary to gain a thorough understanding of the various physical and mechanical properties of weathered granite after exposure to water in order to avoid engineering accidents. To this end, this paper conducted a series of undrained triaxial shear tests to compare the mechanical behavior of weathered granite in natural and saturated states. The results demonstrate that the strength of the weathered granite significantly declines when it is exposed to water, and it exhibits noticeable water softening characteristics. Consolidation methods also affect the mechanical properties of weathered granite. The degree of softening of weathered granite decreases with an increase in the deviator stress imposed by the deviator stress consolidation. Subsequently, we established an empirical model for the strain softening of weathered granite suitable for natural and saturated conditions. This model took the elastic modulus of weathered granite before the peak strength as a measure and introduced the strength parameters of the internal friction angle (φ) and the internal cohesion (c). First, the fitted function correlating c and φ with the plastic internal variable was determined, and then the relationship between the strength and the strain-softening parameters was established so as to obtain the complete stress–strain curve of the granite rock. Finally, validation studies were performed to address the capability of the model to predict permanent deformation. It provides a theoretical basis for predicting and calculating the strain softening of weathered granite exposed to water.
Since monolithic movement is considered a promising technology to relocate historical buildings, corresponding real-time monitoring is of great interest due to the buildings’ age and poor structural integrity. However, the related paperwork and practical applications are still limited. This paper describes a wireless sensor network (WSN)-based strategy as a non-invasive approach to monitor heritage curtilage during monolithic movement. The collected data show that the inclination of the curtilage is almost negligible. With the aid of finite element simulation, it was found that the crack displacement curves changed from −0.02 to 0.07 mm, which is affected by moving direction while the value is not enough to cause structural cracks. The deformation of the steel underpinning beam, which is used to reinforce masonry walls and wooden pillars, is obviously related to the stiffness in different directions. Additionally, the strain variations of the steel chassis, which bear the vertical loads from wooden pillars and masonry walls, are less than 0.04%. This indicates that they are kept within the elastic range during monolithic movement. This work has proved that the WSN-based approach has the potential to be applied as an effective route in real-time monitoring of the monolithic movement of an historic building.
In this paper, a real-time monitoring system—including vibration acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, and static and dynamic strain sensors—is used to monitor the safety status of a steel assembly bracing in a practical project. It uses 5G wireless networking technology to transmit monitoring data to a cloud server for early warning of abnormal changes and development trends. Real-time monitoring data obtained in a construction site are used as the inputs of the finite element model and the corresponding results of numerical simulation are compared with the results from the real-time monitoring. It can be concluded that: (1) the stress caused by environmental temperature is very significant which can be higher than the initial prestress of the steel assembly bracing; (2) the stress caused by the vertical vibration mainly from construction vehicles is not remarkable, however, the vertical frequency-weighted acceleration of support vibration is relatively large which can affect the sense of safety of engineering technicians on site; (3) the combination of the environmental temperature and vertical vibration does not affect the safety of the steel assembly bracing.
This editorial paper provides an overview of the Buildings Special Issue (SI), dedicated to the topic “Applications of (Big) Data Analysis in A/E/C” (where A/E/C stands for architecture, engineering, and construction) and the academic papers it includes [...]
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