Food security is the cornerstone of national economic development and social stability. The increasingly serious problem of cultivated land non-grain conversion intensifies the risk of food insecurity and directly affects the sustainable development of China' s social and economic systems. From the perspective of non-grain production of food, this study selected Guangdong Province as the research area and county as the evaluation unit and based on socioeconomic statistics and geospatial data, using Theil index, spatial autocorrelation model, random forest model, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics, influencing factors, and driving types of cultivated land non-grain conversion in 2005 and 2019. The results show that: (1) The non-grain rate of cultivated land in Guangdong Province increased from 48.47% in 2005 to 54.65% in 2019. The non-grain degree of cultivated land had changed from low to moderate, and the spatial differentiation of non-grain rate of cultivated land showed a decreasing trend, especially in the Pearl River Delta area. (2) The spatial distribution of non-grain cultivated land maintained a stable agglomeration state and showed high concentration in the Pearl River Delta area and low concentration in the east wing, west wing, and mountainous sub-regions of the province. (3) Road network density and GDP per square kilometer had significant promoting effects on cultivated land non-grain conversion, while the proportion of labor force in rural primary industry and distance between counties and provincial capital cities were important factors to restrain the cultivated land non-grain conversion. (4) The main driving type of cultivated land non-grain conversion was economy driven (44.63%), mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta area. This was followed by agriculture supporting type (33.06% ), mostly distributed in the mountainous areas. The resource dependency type was the least dominant (22.31% ) and was concentrated in the east and west wing sub-regions. This research result is conducive to accurately identify the spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land non-grain conversion in Guangdong Province, improve the risk control level of local cultivated land nongrain conversion, and has important theoretical and practical significance for sustainable agricultural development and ensuring regional food security.
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