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SAPO-5 zeolite with a bimodal pore system was hydrothermally synthesized using di-n-butylamine as single template. The structural and catalytic properties of the hierarchical SAPO-5 were extensively characterized and compared to those of conventional SAPO-5 using triethylamine as template.

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The finding provides new insight into NiMoS model that there is a sulfur dynamic equilibrium between NiMoS edge and gas phase. Since the evolution of non-stoechiometric sulfur proceed rapidly at initial stage of hydrodesulfurization reaction, the sulfur dynamic equilibrium does not draw so much attention. The results indicate that excess sulfur on Ni-Mo-S edge can be reduced by hydrogen to form SH groups and release H2S, which lead to a low sulfur covered NiMoS edge and a significant increase of coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS), resulting in an outstanding HDS activity. Except for elucidating the effect of non-stoechiometric sulfur on NiMoS structure, a relationship among H2S partial pressure -Sx -HDS activity has been quantitatively studied. It is expected that these results will be used to deepen the understanding of HDS reaction over promoted MoS2 catalysts, as well as to guide the research of ultra-deep HDS of fuel oils.