The fingerprint positioning has achieved remarkable results in indoor localization tasks, but the method usually relies on a large amount of fingerprint data to build a fingerprint database, and the amount and diversity of fingerprint data will directly affect the effectiveness of fingerprint positioning. Since fingerprint acquisition is limited and disturbed by space and time, it consumes a lot of labor and time costs to collect fingerprint data in the localization environment, and wireless fingerprint data is time-sensitive and environment-dependent, and changes in the localization environment will reduce the usability of the existing fingerprint database. The complex and repetitive fingerprint acquisition work seriously affects the feasibility of practical deployment of fingerprint positioning systems in the positioning environment. Therefore, the study of low-cost wireless fingerprint database construction methods has become an inevitable part of promoting the widespread deployment of indoor fingerprint positioning systems. In this paper, we introduce the traditional data augmentation-based approach and the advanced machine learning model-based approach, systematically presenting the underlying models and algorithms of both. The former reviews the application of two traditional data enhancement methods, namely channel propagation models and interpolation or regression, to the construction of low-cost wireless fingerprint databases, while the latter taps into techniques for reducing the cost of fingerprint database construction by combining generative adversarial networks and small-sample learning models with the indoor localization domain. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future research directions for achieving high-performance indoor localization based on low-cost wireless fingerprint databases, and suggest some useful research guidelines.
Image data can provide rich content information, which has attracted a lot of attention in the field of indoor fingerprint positioning. However, indoor image information from different locations is characterized by high content repetition, and these repetitive regions can cause the problem of insufficient differentiation of adjacent image fingerprints or even fingerprint misclassification. To solve this problem, this article proposes a confusion subregion weighted suppression strategy in the image fingerprint database. First, duplicate regions (confusion subregions) are extracted from the fingerprint database using an appropriate salient region detection method. Then the similarity of these duplicate regions in Euclidean space is defined, and the degree of influence of these regions on the distinguishability of the fingerprint database is measured. Finally, the suppression of these duplicate regions is achieved in the original image fingerprint database by introducing weighted suppression coefficients. Experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this article can achieve significant results in the fingerprint localization task of real indoor scenes and effectively improve the localization accuracy.
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