In order to reduce the blind area and enlarge the measurement range of reflective photoelectric sensor, a simplified optical model is established to prove that the main factors affecting performance of the conventional reflective photoelectric sensor is optical design parameters defects. Through a simple pre partial emission angle design of light path and constructing the optical path model, a calculation method is given to calculate blind area and measurement range. Results show that with small blind area, wide measurement range and high sensitivity, the best measuring distance of the acute angle optical path model can be accurately calculated after the emitted light intensity reaches the set value due to its quantitative characteristic; the acute angle optical path model performance parameters are better than the right angle optical path model. The research has guiding significance for the design of reflective photoelectric sensor.
The interface between the surface hardened layer and the base layer would produce while the 20CrMo axis is treated with high frequency induction quenching method; therefore, the hardened case depth can be measured by high frequency ultrasonic wave based on the echo technique. The test results compared with those from the metallographic method show good qualitative agreements.
To compare the different effects under different excitation methods during the measurement on the particle size of silicon carbide (SiC), an experimental system has been established to get different signal excitations of burst wave, continuous wave and pulsed wave. Variable sound path method is adopted during the measurement to obtain the ultrasonic attenuation spectrum of SiC suspensions with two immersion transducers at four different mass concentrations under the same experimental condition. It is found that the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients excited by three different waves increase with increasing frequency and the tendency is approaching the same. The result calculated by a normalized spectrum of the optimal regularization methods shows that SiC particle size distribution under the three excitation methods is similar, which indicate that the different excitation methods on particle size characterization have almost no influence to result.
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