The
hydrogen bond (HB), one of the essential properties of water,
tends to link water molecules to form dynamic water clusters. Extrinsic
ions could change the size distribution of water clusters by influencing
HBs. But the mechanism, especially the influence range of ions on
HBs, is still in dispute due to limitation of analytical methods.
Herein, we use in situ liquid ToF-SIMS analysis combined
with density functional theory calculation to study the influence
of different halide anions on HBs at a submicropore confined liquid–vacuum
interface. Our experimental results demonstrated that anions show
synchronous local and long-range effects on HBs. Specifically, the
larger the anion is, the greater degree the long-range HB network
and the local hydration number of anions are influenced. More importantly,
we found that the long-range effect on the HB network is influenced
by nuclear quantum effects, whereas the local effect on water molecules
in the first hydration shell is not.
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