Electrochemical
CO2 reduction (CO2R) powered
by renewable energy to convert CO2 molecules into formate
is of great interest. It is still challenging to develop an efficient
CO2R catalyst with high selectivity. Herein, we adjust
the adsorption states of CO2
– intermediates
to improve the selectivity of CO2 toward formate by doping
S to Cu-based electrocatalysts. It can be found that S doping could
stabilize the reductive-state Cu as the active site for CO2R. The vibration models of CO2
– intermediates
within in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that the selectivity improvement
is ascribed to the change of the adsorption state from coexisting
O*CO– and OC*O*– to the dominating
OC*O*–. The electrocatalyst manifests high selectivity
and activity toward formate (maximum Faradaic efficiency as high as
76.5% and maximum partial current density 21.06 mA cm–2).
A simplified Boc deprotection using a high-temperature flow reactor is described. The system afforded the qualitative yield of a wide variety of deprotected substrates within minutes using acetonitrile as the solvent and without the use of acidic conditions or additional workups. Highly efficient, multistep reaction sequences in flow are also demonstrated wherein no extraction or isolation was required between steps.
The implementation of Ni-rich cathodes with high energy density has been critically restrained by stress corrosion. Herein, crackfree LiNbO 3 -coated LiNi 0.88 Co 0.10 Mn 0.02 O 2 , as theoretically predicted, demonstrates highly reversible lithiation/delithiation. Mechanically, the phase transition (H1 → H2 → H3) is significantly alleviated by the excogitation of the interfacial force invoked by the LiNbO 3 coating layer, as verified by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the stabilities of the crystal structure are remarkably strengthened by the strong Nb−O bond activated by Nb 5+ doping that is confirmed by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction and differential capacitance curves. Chemically, the interface shielding effect is conducive to protecting the electrode against electrolyte corrosion along with subsequent transition-metal dissolution, ultimately rendering a faster/highly convertible lithium-ion diffusion. Greatly, the excellent electrochemical properties (74% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 2 C within 2.5−4.3 V) and structural stability (the morphology remains intact after 500 cycles at 5 C within 2.5−4.3 V) are successfully achieved. Given this, this elaborate work might inaugurate a potential avenue for rationally tuning the structure/interface evolution toward Ni-rich materials.
This research investigated the protective effect of lactobacillus plantarum against alcohol-induced liver injury and the regulatory mechanism of Keap-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway in zebrafish. Firstly, a zebrafish alcoholic liver injury model was established using1.0mM of ethanol concentration, then two forms of lactobacillus plantarum treatment were designed to perform repair, including a lactobacillus plantarum thallus suspension (LPS) and a lactobacillus plantarum thallus breaking solution (LPBS). After 24h of alcohol injury, lactobacillus plantarum concentrations of 0, 1.0×105, 1.0×106, 1.0×107 and 1.5×107 cfu/mL were added to protect zebrafish larvae. Then with the treatment of lactobacillus plantarum after 48h, activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in zebrafish tissue homogenate were respectively determined. Keap-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway related gene expression conditions were also analyzed, including nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2), Kelch like ECH associated protein 1(Keap1), catalase(CAT), hemooxygenase1(HO1) and Glutathione S-Transferase Kappa 1(gstk1). Results showed that: in comparison with the control group, the LPBS with dosage of 1.0×107 cfu/mL remarkably improved the activities of SOD, CAT, HO1and gstk1 in zebrafish larvae liver (P<0.05), resulting in significant increase of the protein expression level of Nrf2 (225.78%) and suppression of Keap1 gene expression (73.67%)(P<0.01). As confirmed by the results, lactobacillus plantarum activated the Keap-Nrf2-ARE signal pathway from the level of transcription, the up-regulation of the expression quantity of Nrf2 protected the organism from oxidative stress and maximally reduced liver injury.
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