BackgroundThis study describes the patterns and socioeconomic influences of tobacco use among adults in tobacco-cultivating regions of rural southwest China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 8681 adults aged ≥18 years in rural areas of Yunnan Province, China from 2010 to 2011. A standardized questionnaire was administered to obtain data about participants’ demographic characteristics, individual socioeconomic status, ethnicity, self-reported smoking habits, and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). The socioeconomic predictors of current smoking, nicotine addiction, and SHS exposure were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence rates of tobacco use were much higher in men compared with women (current smoking 68.5% vs. 1.3%; and nicotine dependence 85.2% vs. 72.7%). However, the rate of SHS exposure was higher in women compared with men (76.6% vs. 70.5%). Tobacco farmers had higher prevalence rates of current smoking, nicotine dependence, and SHS exposure compared with participants not engaged in tobacco farming (P<0.01). Most tobacco users (84.5%) reported initiating smoking during adolescence. A total of 81.1% of smokers smoked in public places, and 77.6% smoked in workplaces. Individuals belonging to an ethnic minority had a lower probability of SHS exposure and nicotine dependence. Individual educational level was found to be inversely associated with the prevalence of current smoking, exposure to SHS, and nicotine dependence. Higher annual household income was associated with a greater risk of nicotine dependence.ConclusionsThis study suggests that tobacco control efforts in rural southwest China must be tailored to address tobacco-cultivating status and socioeconomic factors.

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ObjectivesTo examine contextual and individual demographical predictors of smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in a tobacco-cultivating rural area of southwest China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 4070 consenting individuals aged 18 years or more was conducted in 2010. Information on demographical characteristics, tobacco smoking status and SHS exposure were obtained by a standard questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was used to model the variation in prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure.ResultsIn the study population, the prevalence rates of smoking and exposure to SHS were 63.5% and 74.7% for men, and 0.6% and 71.2% for women, respectively. Men were more likely to use tobacco than women: OR 8.27, 95% CI (4.83 to 10.97). Age was inversely associated with the probability of tobacco use (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99), and exposure to SHS (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99). Individual educational level was inversely associated with smoking, but showed no association with exposure to SHS. Adults who did not grow tobacco were less likely to consume tobacco (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99) and to be exposed to SHS (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.99). Living in a high-income community was associated with a low rate of current smoking (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.77) and SHS exposure (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.65).ConclusionsFuture interventions to reduce smoking and exposure to SHS in China should focus more on tobacco farmers, less-educated individuals and on poor rural communities.

The use of accommodation strategies between native and nonnative interlocutors of English in the rapidly increased virtual and global work contexts remains underresearched. Contextualized in a Chinese IT outsourcing company where English is used as a lingua franca, this study focuses on how accommodation strategies are used by both on- and offshore team project members in their virtual meeting exchanges. The article argues that the actual linguistic exchange appears to be scaffolded and facilitated by a series of what the authors call “extratextual accommodation strategies” such as the use of detailed minutes of tasks set and completed, and an agreed meeting format. While “intratextual accommodation strategies,” that is, those relating to specific linguistic behaviors in English in the exchanges are also used by interlocutors to accommodate to each other’s speech; the article argues, therefore, that both extra- and intratextual accommodation strategies appear to work in a symbiotic way to ensure successful exchange in business virtual meeting contexts.

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Aim: This study examined the prevalence of four chronic circulatory system diseases (hypertension, CHD, hyperlipemia, Stroke) and associated multi-morbidity in order to identify the risk factors among the elderly in Yunnan province. Methods: A cross-sectional survey including 2299 consenting adults aged ≥ 60 years from rural places was conducted in 2018. Data of demographic parameters and clinical characteristics were acquired from questionnaire and health examination. Categorical variables were presented as counts and percentages. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between individual SES and lifestyle variables and multimorbidity of the four chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. All analyses were conducted with SPSS 17.0 software. Results: Our study suggested that the prevalence of hypertension, CHD, hyperlipemia, Stroke was 57.1%, 4.2%, 5.9% and 5.3%, respectively and the prevalence of multimorbidity was 10.3%. Females had a higher prevalence of family history of chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, central obesity and illiteracy than males (P < 0.01), whereas males had a markedly higher prevalence of drinking, smoking and good sleeping quality than females (P < 0.01). The family genetic history, obesity, smoking, education, and diabetes were positively and drinking was negatively correlated with the prevalence of circulatory associated multimorbidity in elderly. Interestingly, some of the above associations were only observed in male/female but not the other sex. Conclusions: The prevalence of circulatory disease associated multimorbidity is relatively high among elderly population in rural places of Yunan province and the risk factors are different between females and males.

Regional cooperation is an effective way to realize balanced and sustainable development of campus physical education. The exploration on the development strategy of physical education in regional campus helps to enrich the theory of campus physical education reform in China, expand the development of physical education undertakings, and realize the sustainable development of physical education in regional campus. In order to provide the theoretical support to the development strategy of physical education in regional campus, in this paper, document literature, logical deduction and other research techniques are applied to study the development strategy of physical education in regional campus, and systematically analyze theoretical basis, development status and development path of physical education in regional campus, then main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The pattern of regional economy has created uneven allocation of resources of physical education and sports 。 (2) multi-dimensional factors such as geography, culture and value have influenced the development of schools' sports development concepts, resulting in the limitations of regional school sports strategies. (3) To build a regional school sports cooperation mechanism method, improve the system policy of regional development and school sports, and optimize the education resource allocation of sports.