With the world’s rapidly growing urbanization, urban sustainability is now expected for urban life. Due to this rapid growth, meeting the emerging challenges for urban management and sustainability worldwide is challenging. Big data-driven technologies can be an excellent solution to address these upcoming challenges. Therefore, this study explores the potential of big data technologies for ensuring sustainability in urban management. The study conducted a systematic literature review guided by PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) on publications over the last 21 years. The study argues that urban management is an integrated function of public and private agencies to address the significant challenges of urban life and to develop the city as more competitive, habitable, and sustainable. Urban management can utilize big data analytics (BDA) for digital instrumentation, data-informed policy decisions, governance, real-time management, and evidence-based decisions. Urban sustainability can ensure the smooth operation of urban affairs through strategic planning under three major dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. Big data technologies can ensure smart transport, traffic, waste management, energy, environment, infrastructure, safety, healthcare, planning, and citizen participation in regular urban affairs to provide a better urban life. This study develops several indicators that will be helpful for concerned stakeholders in policy, planning, designing, and implementing sustainable urban development.
Medical diagnostic imaging is essential for the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. Here we develop an ultrasound radiomics method for accurately differentiating cervical lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB), cervical lymphoma, reactive lymph node hyperplasia, and metastatic lymph nodes especially in the multi-operator, cross-machine, multicenter context. The inter-observer and intra-observer consistency of radiomics parameters from the region of interest were 0.8245 and 0.9228, respectively. The radiomics model showed good and repeatable diagnostic performance for multiple classification diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, especially in LNTB (area under the curve, AUC: 0.673, 0.662, and 0.626) and cervical lymphoma (AUC: 0.623, 0.644, and 0.602) in the whole set, training set, and test set, respectively. However, the diagnostic performance of lymphadenopathy among skilled radiologists was varied (Kappa coefficient: 0.108, *p < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of radiomics is comparable and more reproducible compared with those of skilled radiologists. Our study offers a more comprehensive method for differentiating LNTB, cervical lymphoma, reactive lymph node hyperplasia, and metastatic LN.
To identify Musashi2 as an effective biomarker regulated by the TGF-β/Smad 2/3 signaling pathway for the precise diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) through bioinformatic tools and experimental verification. The Cancer Genome Atlas, Timer, and Kaplan−Meier analyses were performed to clarify the expression of Musashi2 and its influence on the prognosis of CRC. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was used to activate the TGF-β/Smad 2/3 signaling pathway to identify whether it could regulate the expression and function of Musashi2. Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR analyses were conducted to verify the expression of Musashi2. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), EdU, wound healing, and Transwell assays were conducted to reveal the role of Musashi2 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC. Musashi2 was upregulated in CRC and promoted proliferation and metastasis. TGF-β1 increased the expression of Musashi2, while the antagonist inducer of type II TGF-β receptor degradation-1 (ITD-1) decreased the expression. CCK8 and EdU assays demonstrated that inhibition of Musashi2 or use of ITD-1 lowered proliferation ability. The Transwell and wound healing assays showed that the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells could be regulated by Musashi2. The above functions could be enhanced by TGF-β1 by activating the TGF-β/Smad 2/3 signaling pathway and reversed by ITD-1. A positive correlation was found between Musashi2 and the TGF-β/Smad 2/3 signaling pathway. TGF-β1 activates the TGF-β/ Smad 2/3 pathway to stimulate the expression of Musashi2, which promotes the progression of CRC. Musashi2 might become a target gene for the development of new antitumor drugs.
Background: Lymph node metastasis is related to thyroid cancer recurrence; hence, early identification and prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in thyroid cancer are essential.Materials and methods: Ultrasound characteristics and patients’ clinical information for 478 thyroid nodules from 383 patients were collected, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) was used to train and test the veracity to predict CLNM and form a network model. Sixty new patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were evaluated with the MLP neural network model. The metastasis status of these patients was then compared with the pathological results. The prediction of metastasis by the MLP and by multiple regression was compared.Results: Calcification, age, sex, and maximum diameter were important predictive factors of CLNM by the MLP, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.715. No significant differences were found between the MLP and multiple regression in predicting CLNM. The average confidence of the model used in these new patients in predicting metastasis with PTC was 68.9%.Conclusion: Ultrasound images from thyroid nodule characteristics and patients’ clinical information can be used as predictive factors of CLNM by the MLP method to a certain extent.
Background Microcolon is helpful in the diagnosis of small bowel atresia (SBA) by barium enema, While there is no Ultrasonography (US) criteria of microcolon for diagnosing SBA. Methods US was performed in 46 neonates within 7 days old. As a study group (n = 15), neonates of SBA was confirmed with followed surgery. As a study group without SBA (n = 15), neonates with other gastrointestinal problems different that SBA were confirmed by surgical or clinical follow up. Sixteen neonates without gastrointestinal problems was classified as control group. Diameter of the colon was measured. Colonic gas were sought and observed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare US parameters between study group with other groups. Optimal cut off value of the colonic diameter for SBA diagnosis were obtained with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Colonic diameters in study group 0.5cm (interquartile ranges (IQR), 0.5–0.6 cm) was significantly smaller than that in study group without SBA 0.9cm (IQR, 0.8-1.2cm) (P < 0 .001) and in control group 1.2cm (IQR, 0.8-1.35cm) (P < 0 .001). Optimum cut off value for diagnosis of SBA was 6.5 mm (sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 86.7%; accuracy, 89.1%) for colonic diameter. A combination of microcolon and gas negative in it showed the best performance in US diagnosis of SBA, with the highest accuracy (91.3%). Conclusion A colon less than 6.5mm in diameter should be called microcolon by US, combined with gas negative can be highly suggestive of SBA.
Purpose: To find the Ultrasonography (US) criteria of microcolon and analyze its value in diagnosis of SBA.Methods: US was performed in 46 neonates within 7 days old. As a study group (n = 15), neonates of SBA was confirmed with followed surgery. As a study group without SBA (n = 15), neonates with other gastrointestinal problems different that SBA were confirmed by surgical or clinical follow up. Sixteen neonates without gastrointestinal problems was classified as control group. Diameter of the colon was measured. Colonic gas were sought and observed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare US parameters between study group with other groups. Optimal cut off value of the colonic diameter for SBA diagnosis were obtained with receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results: Colonic diameters in study group 0.5cm (interquartile ranges (IQR), 0.5-0.6 cm) was significantly smaller than that in study group without SBA 0.9cm (IQR, 0.8-1.2cm) (P < 0 .001) and in control group 1.2cm (IQR, 0.8-1.35cm) (P < 0 .001). Optimum cut off value for diagnosis of SBA was 6.5 mm (sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 86.7%; accuracy, 89.1%) for colonic diameter. A combination of microcolon and gas negative in it showed the best performance in US diagnosis of SBA, with the highest accuracy (91.3%).Conclusion: A colon less than 6.5mm in diameter should be called microcolon by US, combined with gas negative can be highly suggestive of SBA.
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