Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis is a causative agent of systemic granulomatous disease in tilapia. The present study was designed to understand the genetic and phenotypic diversities among Taiwanese Fno isolates obtained from tilapia (n = 17) and green Texas cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) (n = 1). The enzymatic profiles of the isolates were studied using the API ZYM system. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to determine the genotypic characters of all isolates. The phylogenetic tree showed similarity of 99%–100% nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes compared to the Fno references genes from GenBank database. Comparatively, the results revealed an identical profile of enzymatic and PFGE pattern which was distincted from that of F. philomiragia. To understand the pathogenicity, the isolates were intraperitoneal injected to tilapia the gross lesions were observed concomitant with natural outbreak. Median lethal dose upon Nile tilapia and red tilapia were 9.06 × 103 CFU/fish and 2.08 × 102 CFU/fish, respectively. Thus, our data provide understanding the epidemiology of Taiwanese Fno isolates, and help in development of future control and prevention.

This study expands the molecular spectrum of DNAJB6 mutations and also emphasizes the pathogenic role of DNAJB6 dysfunction in distal-onset myopathy.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the system requirements model. According to the concept of loss costs of Type I and Type II errors, it can define the optimal decision line, and reduce overall loss costs. Moreover, it can decrease the probability of Type I and Type II error by the systems thinking, and it can effectively reduce overall loss costs. Design/methodology/approach -The paper proposed a system demand model and constructed a decision-making system thinking model as well as a decision-making performance management model using the principle of system demand. Types of decision-making errors were analyzed to set judgments on the error risk and establish a model of improvement evaluation key factors, in order to reduce decision-making error risk and enhance decision quality. It also constructed the improved decision-making to assess the key factors, to reduce the risk of making errors in order to improve the quality of decision-making. Findings -Optimistic decision-makers (risk takers) tend to make Type II errors, whereas pessimistic decision makers (conservatives) tend to make Type I errors. Financial depressions are the time for optimistic decision makers (risk takers) and boom periods are the time for pessimistic decision makers (conservatives). Originality/value -The concept of the loss cost of two decision-making errors and related cost function models were proposed. Decision makers could make decisions with a more stable model, taking into consideration false alarms and the cost function of errors in order to determine the position of the decision-making line. It could effectively reduce decision-making error costs and increase the precision of decision-making.

The cover image is based on the Original Article Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis isolated from cultured tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in Taiwan by Theeraporn Pulpipat et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12964. Cover image © Theeraporn Pulpipat.