A B S T R A C TRelying on diffusion of innovation theory, this study examines the impacts of perceived message features and network characteristics on size (i.e., the number of retweets a message receives) and structural virality (i.e., quantified distinction between broadcast and viral diffusion) of information diffusion on Twitter. The study collected 425 unique tweets posted by CDC during a 17-week period and constructed a diffusion tree for each unique tweet. Findings indicated that, with respect to message features, perceived efficacy after reading a tweet positively predicted diffusion size of the tweet, whereas perceived susceptibility to a health condition after reading a tweet positively predicted structural virality of the tweet. Perceived negative emotion positively predicted both size and structural virality. With respect to network features, the level of involvement of brokers in diffusing a tweet increased the tweet's structural virality. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed on disseminating health information via broadcasting and viral diffusion on social media.
PurposeThis study aims to investigate how meeting the training expectations of Chinese employees influences their intention to stay with their company.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 292 employees in eight Chinese organizations. Applying partial least squares path modeling, they tested how fulfilling employees' expectations with regard to different training dimensions influences their level of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perceived movement capital and how variations in these mediating factors in turn influence turnover intentions.FindingsChinese employees exhibit varying expectations with regard to the content, the organization and the outcome of training. The relationship between meeting such expectations and turnover intentions is mediated by job satisfaction, affective commitment, continuance commitment and perceived movement capital. Fulfilling employees' expectations with regard to specific skills and operational factors reduces turnover intentions. Fulfilling expectations with regard to general skills increases turnover intentions. Fulfilling expectations with regard to intra‐organizational outcomes has a double‐edged effect.Research limitations/implicationsIt is promising to analyze the relationship between training and turnover from an employee perspective. It is important to distinguish different dimensions of training and to consider mediated paths in order to depict various conflicting influences. This study contributes to the understanding of Chinese employees' attitude towards training, and to the literature on HRM in China in suggesting that there is an indication of a definitive link between training and turnover, as there is in the West.Practical implicationsOrganizations in China need to consider employees' pre‐training expectations when designing their training programs. Meeting employee expectations with regard to the design, organization and implementation as well as the outcome of training offers a promising venue to retain skilled employees.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the literature by explicitly expounding employees' comprehensive training expectations regarding their turnover intention. Differentiating five dimensions of training and including four mediating factors, the authors are able to disentangle conflicting influences found in the extant literature.
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether optimism and self-efficacy mediated the association between shyness and subjective well-being in a sample of Chinese working adults. Two hundred and eight participants completed the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, Life Orientation Rest-Revised, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Structural equation modeling results showed that optimism mediated the relationship between shyness and measures of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect). Self-efficacy mediated the association between shyness and positive subjective well-being (life satisfaction and positive affect). These results suggest that optimism and self-efficacy play unique mediating roles in the relationship between shyness and subjective well-being. They also have important implications for the development of intervention programs aimed at promoting subjective well-being of Chinese working adults through enhancing self-efficacy and optimism.
The increasing adoption rate of smartphones has raised scholars' attentions to the associations between smartphone use, especially problematic smartphone use (PSU), and psychological well‐being. Guided by the compensatory internet use theory, this study investigates how the relationship between depression and PSU is mediated through two distinct smartphone use motivations (i.e., process vs. social) and the actual smartphone use. An online survey completed by 317 participants who have been diagnosed with depression revealed that depression was positively associated with PSU. Moreover, depression was positively associated with process motive, which exerted not only a direct, but also an indirect effect on PSU through the actual smartphone use. These results suggest that process motive using smartphone for escapism is detrimental among people with depression for developing PSU. The results also support the necessity of distinguishing motivations from the actual smartphone usage.
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