Coarse-grained Mg in the as-cast condition and fine-grained Mg in the extruded condition were processed by high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature for up to 16 turns. Hardness anisotropy and texture data results suggest that texture strengthening plays an important role for both types of samples. Texture strengthening weakens with decreasing grain size.

For the first time, the novel combination of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and Additive Manufacturing (AM) in a single process sequence was explored. 316L stainless steel (316L SS) alloy was firstly fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) AM process and subsequently processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) SPD technique under a constant pressure of 6 GPa for different torsional revolutions. All the processed samples were subjected to electrochemical testing in a 3.5 wt % NaCl aqueous solution using open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarisation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, and characterised with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microscopic measurement results revealed that the melt pools and cellular structures obtained via SLM become increasingly refined through increased HPT revolutions, accompanied by significant porosity reduction and significant increase in microhardness. TEM observations revealed a homogeneously distributed nanoscale grains after 10 turns. Moreover, the results demonstrated that HPT processing significantly enhances corrosion performance of the 316L SS alloy in NaCl solution, due to

The titanium nitride thin film was successfully prepared via direct nitridation of the sol–gel derived TiO2 thin film at different temperatures in ammonia gas. The composition, microstructure and optical properties of the thin films were characterized in order to investigate their effect on the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of the thin films. With the nitridation temperatures increasing, the anatase phase transformed into titanium nitride phase in the films and the concentration of nitrogen incorporation increased accordingly. Consequentially, the sol–gel derived TiO2 thin film was converted to non‐stoichiometry titanium nitride (TiOxNy) thin film, as determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As a result, a blue‐shift of the surface plasmon resonance absorption peaks and narrowing optical band gap of the thin films were observed, leading to the improvement of SERS performance via electromagnetic enhancement mechanism and charge‐transfer effect. In addition, the surface of thin films became gradually rough with the nitridation temperatures increasing, ascribed to the growth of titanium nitride crystal grains. Most of all, the thin films nitrided at 1000 °C had the most rough surface, and many ‘hot spots’ formed on the thin film surface accordingly, which were favorable for enhancing SERS‐active, and thereby the thin films exhibited the largest SERS enhancement. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne bacterial pathogen, which survives in cold environments and is sometimes difficult to culture. Fatty acid analysis under cold stress was conducted for several V. parahaemolyticus strains using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the results were compared with those of the controls. All the fatty acid profiles obtained were visualized by multidimensional scaling (MDS) and self-organized map (SOM). It was observed that the fatty acid profiles of V. parahaemolyticus substantially changed under cold stress. The percentage of methyl palmitate remarkably decreased and that of methyl palmitoleate (except for two strains) and methyl oleate increased. These findings demonstrate the role of fatty acids in cold stress. The changes in the fatty acid profiles illustrated by MDS and SOM could differentiate strains under cold stress from the controls and can potentially lead to a method of detecting injured cold-stressed V. parahaemolyticus.

A new species of Lamiogethes Audisio & Cline, 2009, L. nyingchiensis sp. nov., and a new species of Meligethes Stephens, 1830, M. (Odontogethes) scrobescens sp. nov. are described and illustrated from China. The differences between these new species and closely related species are discussed. The materials examined are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZAS).

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