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BackgroundCervical cancer, a rare outcome of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, disproportionately affects African American women, who are about twice more likely than European American women to die of the disease. Most cervical HPV infections clear in about one year. However, in some women HPV persists, posing a greater risk for cervical dysplasia and cancer. The Carolina Women’s Care Study (CWCS) was conducted to explore the biological, genetic, and lifestyle determinants of persistent HPV infection in college-aged European American and African American women. This paper presents the initial results of the CWCS, based upon data obtained at enrollment.MethodsFreshman female students attending the University of South Carolina were enrolled in the CWCS and followed until graduation with biannual visits, including two Papanicolaou tests, cervical mucus collection, and a questionnaire assessing lifestyle factors. We recruited 467 women, 293 of whom completed four or more visits for a total of 2274 visits.Results and conclusionCWCS participants were 70% European American, 24% African American, 3% Latina/Hispanic, and 3% Asian. At enrollment, 32% tested positive for any HPV. HPV16 infection was the most common (18% of infections). Together, HPV16, 66, 51, 52, and 18 accounted for 58% of all HPV infections. Sixty-four percent of all HPV-positive samples contained more than one HPV type, with an average of 2.2 HPV types per HPV-positive participant. We found differences between African American and European American women in the prevalence of HPV infection (38.1% African American, 30.7% European American) and abnormal Papanicolaou test results (9.8% African-American, 5.8% European American). While these differences did not reach statistical significance at enrollment, as the longitudinal data of this cohort are analyzed, the sample size will allow us to confirm these results and compare the natural history of HPV infection in college-aged African American and European American women.

a b s t r a c tAtmospheric disturbance is a complex nonlinear process. The Lorenz system was seen as a classical model to reveal essential characteristics of nonlinear systems. It has further improved people's understanding of the evolution of the climate system. Different from traditional studies working on improving the numerical methods for wind prediction, dynamic characteristics of the atmospheric system are fully considered here. This paper proposed the concept of the Lorenz Comprehensive Disturbance Flow (LCDF) and defined the perturbation formula for wind prediction. The Lorenz disturbance has significant influence on wind forecasting, which is proved by using wind data from the Sotavento wind farm. That is to say, the change process of atmospheric motion around the wind farm is more ideally described based on the Lorenz system. This research has important theoretical value in developing nonlinear systems and plays a great role on wind prediction and wind resource exploitation.

Major maternal depression and bipolar disorder were each significantly associated with the odds of ID in children, each accounting for approximately 2-5% of the PAR, when controlling for covariates.

Comorbid hypertension, substance use disorders, and thyroid disorders deserve increased clinical surveillance in children and adolescents with ADHD because they may be associated with an increased risk of more than one musculoskeletal injury.