There has been much recent interest in adding support for real-time capabilities to Android. Proposed architectures for doing so fall into four broad categories, but only two support real-time Android applications. These two proposals include a real-time garbage collector for real-time memory management and a real-time operating system for real-time scheduling and resource management. Although they provide the fundamental building blocks for real-time Android, unfortunately such proposals are incomplete. In this paper we examine the Android programming model, libraries, and core systems services in the context of the Fiji real-time VM coupled with the RT Linux and RTEMS real-time operating systems. We show that even with a real-time operating system as well as real-time memory management, the predictability of core Android constructs is poor. To address this limitation we propose a preliminary RTDroid design and show its applicability to real-time systems.
*Bacillus licheniformis has been found to be one of the persistent dominant microorganisms in Daqu, which is a traditional fermentation starter, and it has been used to intensify certain strains. To understand the impact of B. licheniformis on Daqu, the fermentation behaviour of B. licheniformis was studied using 1 H NMR-based non-targeted analysis and principal component analysis. During the fermentation, 53 compounds were identified. Among them, seven compounds were largely consumed and 17 metabolites were largely accumulated. The macromolecular starch and cellulose were degraded by B. licheniformis, and then utilized to produce acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, succinate acid, etc. Principal component analysis was carried out to study the variations of analytes during the fermentation. Samples collected at each time point could be clearly discriminated and the biomarkers of each time point were defined. A variety of biochemical compounds (such as acetate, ethanol, lactate, pyruvate, malate, maltose and sucrose) were changed during the fermentation of B. licheniformis. The results are useful to reveal how and why B. licheniformis becomes dominant in Daqu, and to reveal its impact on the aroma formation of Daqu and its derived products.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.