Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingual receptive vocabulary knowledge of ethnic minority children (N=135) from two large ethnic language communities (Uyghur and Kazak) in three national-level poverty-stricken counties in Xinjiang, China. The children’s bilingual vocabulary knowledge was assessed using translated versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV (PPTV-IV) in Putonghua (PTH) and their mother tongue (MT) Uyghur or Kazak. Data were analyzed through four General Linear Models (GLM). The analyses showed that both groups scored higher in MT vocabulary knowledge than that in their PTH, although the Kazak students’ MT vocabulary scores were lower than those of the Uyghurs. While gender, age, L1, or residence location were not significant factors in differences across the two groups in PTH, among the Kazak children, the main effect of age was significant in MT; and among Uyghur children, residence location had a significant effect. The two groups also differed in patterns of acquisition in different parts of speech (nouns, verbs, and attributes) with Uyghur children performing strongest in MT and PTH verbs. The findings have important implications for ensuring the quality of early bilingual education among impoverished Chinese minority communities.
This paper is a r6sum6 of the results of clinical research on tooth extractions under acupuncture anesthesia (AA) during the 10 year period from March 1972 to Feb. 1983 in our department, with the number totalling 3150 cases. There were altogether 3691 permanent teeth extracted.The ma'ority of patients were stimulated by electric current with acupuncture anesthesia apparatus (AAA) and the five acupoints in the maxillofacial region most commonly used were Renkuang(],,~g), Chenghai(z~), Bichungou(~:'zj), Yao'ishang(~,~!) and Xiachicao(T
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