Endothelial cells’ (EC) injury is a major step for the pathological progression of atherosclerosis. Recent study demonstrated that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) exerts a protective role in atherosclerosis. However, the effect of TSLP and the exact molecular mechanism involved in EC remains unknown. In the present study, we found that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR was much lower in EC from atherosclerotic plaque. Functional assays showed that HOTAIR facilitated cell proliferation and migration, and suppressed apoptosis in EC. Moreover, we demonstrated that TSLP functions upstream of HOTAIR. We found that serum level of TSLP was decreased in atherosclerosis patients and serum TSLP level positively correlated with HOTAIR expression in EC. Further investigation demonstrated that TSLP activated HOTAIR transcription through PI3K/AKT-IRF1 pathway and then regulates the EC proliferation and migration. TSLP-HOTAIR axis also plays a protective role in low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced EC injury. Taken together, TSLP-HOTAIR may be a potential therapy for EC dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
The pathological processes of cancer are complex. Current methods used for chemotherapy have various limitations, such as cytotoxicity, multi-drug resistance, stem-like cells growth, and lack of specificity. Several types of nanomaterials are used for cancer treatment. Nanomaterials 1–100 nm in size have special optical, magnetic, and electrical characteristics. Nanomaterials have been fabricated for cancer treatments to overcome cytotoxicity and low specificity, and improve drug capacity and bioavailability. Despite the increasing number of related studies, few nanodrugs have been approved for clinical use. To improve translation of these materials, studies of targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers are needed. Cytotoxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effects, and the protective role of the protein corona remain to be addressed. This mini-review summarizes new nanomaterials manufactured in studies and in clinical use, analyses current barriers preventing their translation to clinical use, and describes the effective application of nanomaterials in cancer treatment.
Abstract. Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) is a rare tumor type and primary hepatic multiple perivascular is rarer still. The present case report investigated the case of a 40-year-old woman who was admitted to The Second Xiangya Hospital for hepatic multiple tumor by physical examination without any history of abdominal pain or body weight loss. Abdominal plain computed tomography revealed three lesions in the liver. All lesions exhibited a well-defined boarder and only one mass contained fatty tissue in S6 of the liver. An enhanced scan revealed that all lesions were heterogeneous, and were enhanced on the artery phase and on portal vein phase. On delay phase, the lesions revealed continued enhancement, which is isoattenuating to the normal hepatic parenchyma. Following excision of the three masses, the patient was pathologically diagnosed with hepatic multiple PEComa. Short-term re-examination revealed no recurrence.
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