Background: Cyclocodon lancifolius (Roxb.) Kurz is a perennial medicinal and edible plant with a huge potential economic value. The wild resources of this plant are gradually scarce by the serious destruction of the habitat and the limitations of sexual reproduction. This is the first attempt to establish an in vitro reproductive system for the species. Hypothesis: The suitable plant regulator types and its mass concentration range, combined with the explants, can induce the development of plants at various stages. We expected to establish an in vitro regeneration system of C. lancifolius based on these factors. Species studied: Cyclocodon lancifolius Study site and years of study: Yunnan Breeding and Cultivation Research and Development Center of Endangered and Daodi Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, from 2017 to 2019. Methods: The plant regeneration of C. lancifolius was established by single factor, L9 (34) orthogonal and complete combination experiments. Results: Stem segments were the best explants for callus induction on MS medium containing 0.05 mg·L-1 KT, 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA. MS medium with 0.2 mg·L-1 TDZ and MS medium were used alternately as the culture method to conduct differentiation and proliferation of adventitious shoot. The optimal protocol for the rooting was MS medium combined with 0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA. Conclusions: A rapid propagation system of C. lancifolius was established which provided a possible solution for the protection of wild resources and artificial cultivation.
The purpose of this experiment is to select Cyclocodon lancifolius (Roxb.) Kurz strain with a high yield and quality to enhance environmental tolerance. Therefore, we report the first case of polyploid induction in C. lancifolius. The treatment of seed and in vitro shoot tips with colchicine was explored as a means of inducing polyploid, and polyploidy was effectively identified by chromosome counting. After successful induction of polyploid, the optimized in vitro culture for polyploid plants was investigated via a complete combination experiment. The results showed that seeds were not suitable for polyploid induction. The shoot tips were treated with 0.05% colchicine solution for 36 h and then transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L 1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 1.0 mg L 1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.05% colchicine for 60 h. Finally, rooting culture was conducted in the above medium without colchicine, yielding the highest induction rate (25.42%), without chimerism. Compared with diploid plants, autotetraploid plants had more distinctive characters, such as larger and darker green leaves, more obvious veins, thicker stems, and more developed root systems. Furthermore, in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg•L 1 NAA and 0.01 mg•L 1 6-BA, tetraploid shoots formed complete plantlets through one-step culture, with above 7.0 multiplication coefficient and 100% rooting rate. The survival rate was 100%. The induction system for the autopolyploid of C. lancifolius was successfully established, which provided an experimental basis for breeding heredity and variety improvement.
Barbatic acid, a compound isolated from lichen, has demonstrated a variety of biological activities. In this study, a series of esters based on barbatic acid (6a–q′) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their diuretic and litholytic activity at a concentration of 100 μmol/L in vitro. All target compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS, and the spatial structure of compound 6w was confirmed using X-ray crystallography. The biological results showed that some derivatives, including 6c, 6b′, and 6f′, exhibited potent diuretic activity, and 6j and 6m displayed promising litholytic activity. Molecular docking studies further suggested that 6b′ had an optimal binding affinity to WNK1 kinases related to diuresis, while 6j could bind to the bicarbonate transporter CaSR through a variety of forces. These findings indicate that some barbatic acid derivatives could be further developed into novel diuretic agents.
Prunus avium cv. ‘Fuchen’ is a cultivated species with a high-profile economic benefit. Four media were used as a basal media equipped with four exogenous hormones to establish an intact regeneration system. Sodium thiosulfate (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and active carbon (AC) improved the browning phenomenon. The results indicated that 1.0 g/L of AC and 30 g/L of Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were the best combination to inhibit the browning on the optimal basal medium – olive medium (OM) (followed by woody plant medium). The OM containing 1.5 mg/L of zeatin, 2.0 mg/L of α-naphtalenaecetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L of kinetin was beneficial for the germination and growth of the axillary buds. Green bud points were visible at the base of the swollen base after 25 days with a high proliferation coefficient (more than 7.50). The most optimal medium for rooting was ½ OM combined with 1.0 mg/L of NAA and 0.5 mg/L of indole-3-butyric-acid with a 100% rooting rate. The survival rate was up to 100% after 60 days with acclimatisation. Generally, a high-effective regeneration system was established, which provides a reference for keeping the excellent traits of the cultivar.
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