The development of stretchable electronics will thrive on the novel interface structure to solve the stretchability-conductivity dilemma, which is still a great challenge. Herein, we report a nano-liquid metal (LM)-based high-robust stretchable electrode (NHSE) with a self-adaptable interface that mimics water-tonet interaction. Based on in situ assembly of electrospun elastic nano bers scaffold and electrosprayed LM nanoparticles, the NHSE exhibits an extremely low sheet resistance of 52 mΩ/□. It is not only insensitive to a large degree of mechanical stretching (i.e., 350% electrical resistance change upon 570% elongation), but also immune to cyclic deformation (i.e., 5% electrical resistance increase after 100,000 stretching cycles with 100% elongation). These key properties are far more superior to the state-of-the-art reports. Its robustness and stability are veri ed under diverse circumstances, including long-term exposure in air (420 days), cyclic washing (30,000 times), and resilience against mechanical damages.The combination of conductivity, stretchability and durability makes the NHSE a promising conductor/electrode solution to exible/stretchable electronics for applications such as wearable onbody physiological signal detection.

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Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor with high sensitivity over a broad linearity range have been attracting tremendous attention for its applications in health monitoring, artificial intelligence, and human-machine interfaces. Herein, we report a hierarchical in-situ filling porous piezoresistive sensor (HPPS) by direct ink writing (DIW) printing and curing of carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emulsion. Hierarchical geometry significantly increases the contact area, distributes stress to multilayered lattice and internal porous structure, resulting in a broad sensing range. Moreover, unlike conventional hollow porous structure, the CNFs networks in-situ filling porous structure generates more contact sites and conductive pathways during compression, thereby achieving high sensitivity and linearity over entire sensing range. Therefore, the optimized HPPS achieves high sensitivity (4.7 kPa−1) and linearity (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.998) over a broad range (0.03–1000 kPa), together with remarkable response time and repeatability. Furthermore, the applications in diverse pressure scenarios and healthcare monitoring are demonstrated.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exemplified how viral growth and transmission are a significant threat to global biosecurity. The early detection and treatment of viral infections is the top priority to prevent fresh waves and control the pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified through several conventional molecular methodologies that are timeconsuming and require high-skill labor, apparatus, and biochemical reagents but have a low detection accuracy. These bottlenecks hamper conventional methods from resolving the COVID-19 emergency. However, interdisciplinary advances in nanomaterials and biotechnology, such as nanomaterials-based biosensors, have opened new avenues for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogens in the field of healthcare. Many updated nanomaterials-based biosensors, namely electrochemical, field-effect transistor, plasmonic, and colorimetric biosensors, employ nucleic acid and antigen-antibody interactions for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a highly efficient, reliable, sensitive, and rapid manner. This systematic review summarizes the mechanisms and characteristics of nanomaterials-based biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Moreover, continuing challenges and emerging trends in biosensor development are also discussed. K E Y WO R D S colorimetric biosensor, COVID-19 detection, electrochemical biosensor, field-effect transistor biosensor, mass spectroscopy, plasmonic biosensor  Phuoc Loc Truong and Yiming Yin contributed equally to this work.