Pediatrics multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS) is an inflammatory condition in children, which usually involves fever and multiple organ failure associated with COVID-19. The condition may match some or all of the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease (KD). 1 PMIS usually develops 1 month later in patients after the first exposure of acute COVID-19. The pathogenesis of PMIS was illness mediated by acquired immunity rather than direct viral injury. The antibody tests were positive in the cases with PMIS, but the results of COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were negative in most of the cases. According to the literature, PMIS has four different clinical presentations from Kawasaki-like illness syndrome to refractory vasodilatory shock (toxic shock syndrome like). 2-5 Thus, due to all of these differ
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Double aortic arch (DAA) is a common form of complete vascular ring. The condition leads to airway obstruction and compression of the esophagus. A balanced type of DAA is an extremely rare anomaly. The anatomical aberration cannot be easily distinguished by transthoracic echocardiography when an infant has chronic respiratory distress. Herein we presented a case of an 11-month-old infant who had chronic respiratory distress and a balanced type of DAA.
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