The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a 10-week dynamic back extension training programme and its effects on back muscle strength, back muscle endurance and spinal range of motion (ROM) for healthy young females. Seventy-three young females (age: 19.32±1.80 years, height: 158.89±4.71 cm, body weight: 55.67±6.30 kg) volunteered for the study. Prior to the training period, all participants completed anthropometric measurements, back muscle strength and endurance test, lateral bending and spinal ROM measurements. After measurements, the participants were divided into two groups. The exercise group (N:35) performed the dynamic back extension exercise 3 days per week for 10 weeks. The control group (N:38) did not participate in any type of exercise. The mixed design ANOVA (group x time) was used to determine the difference in pre- and post-training values. The present findings show that there were significant differences between pre-training and post-training values for back muscle strength and spinal ROM in the exercise group. Following the dynamic strength training programme, back muscle strength and spine ROM values except flexion of the lumbar 5-sacrum 1 (L5-S1) segment of the exercise group showed a significant increase when compared with the pre test values. The control group did not show any significant changes when compared with the pre-training values. The results demonstrate that the 10-week dynamic strength training programme was effective for spinal extension ROM and back muscle strength, but there was no change in back muscle endurance. In this context, this programme could potentially be used to prevent the decrease of spinal ROM as well as provide an increase in the fitness parameters of healthy individuals.

Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of upper body muscle strength training on anthropometric measurements and cardiopulmonary function in healthy obese women.[Subjects] Sixty-three obese women (age: 37.96 ± 2.25 years, height: 158.99 ± 5.76 cm, body weight: 83.65 ± 11.24 kg, body mass index: 33.11 ± 4.31 kg/m 2 ) volunteered to participate in this study.[Methods] The participants were divided into 3 groups. The aerobic (A) group performed diet plus aerobic exercise on a bicycle ergometer for 45-60 min, 3 times a week for 8 weeks, while the aerobic-strength (AS) group performed strength training with the barbell and their body weight plus diet and aerobic exercise. C group was the control. The spirometer test, gas analysis and anthropometric measurements were performed for all three groups before and after training. SPSS 11.0 statistical software was used to perform all the analysis. Comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA.[Results] The present findings show that, there were significant differences between pre-and post-training measures of anthropometric parameters and cardiopulmonary function in the study groups. After 8 wk of training, forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) of the AS group showed a significant increase (16.19% and 13.77%). Furthermore, VO 2 max parameters of the A and AS groups showed a significant increase (8.48-6.15%).[Conclusions] Diet and aerobic training in obese women significantly improved their morphological structure and aerobic capacity. However, diet plus aerobic and strength training significantly increased muscle strength of the upper body and accessory respiratory muscles. Therefore pulmonary functions parameters such as FVC and MVV values increased.

Bu çalışmanın amacı ayakkabının statik ve dinamik denge performansına etkisinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesi ve kuvvet ile static ve dinamik denge arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week core exercise programme performed on Swiss ball and BOSU ball that on dynamic balance, flexibility, spinal Range of Motion (ROM), back muscle endurance, back muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength, and body composition for healthy young males.Methods: Twenty-two young males (Age: 20.68 ± 2.27 years, height: 175.23 ± 5.17 cm, body weight: 66.81 ± 7.85 kg) volunteered for the study. Prior to the training period, all participants completed anthropometric measurements, body composition measurement, back muscle strength and endurance tests, sit-up test, lateral bending and spinal ROM measurements, Y Balance Test (YBT). After measurements, the participants were divided into randomly two groups. The exercise group (N:12) performed the core exercise 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The control group (N:10) did not participate in any type of exercise. "Indepented t-test" and "Paired-Samples T test" were used for analysis of all parameters between the pre and post training measurements for exercise and control groups. Results:The present findings show that there were significant increases between pre and post-training values for back muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength, spinal ROM and dynamic balance in the exercise group compare with control group. Following the core strength training programme, back muscle strength (+10%) (p < 0.05) and endurance (+18.61%) (p < 0.00), abdominal muscle strength (+20.39%) (p < 0.03), leg strength (+12.66%) (p < 0.01), spine ROM, lateral flexibility and dynamic balance values of the exercise group showed a significant increase when compared with the pre test values. The control group did not show any significant changes pre and post training values when compared with exercise group. Conclusions:The results demonstrated that the 8-week a core training programme with Swiss ball and BOSU ball was effective to increase flexibility, dynamic balance, strength and muscular endurance, but not effective to decrease body fat. In this context, it can be said that this strength and flexibility training program may be a pleasurable alternative training type by coaches and physiotherapists that increased the above-mentioned physical fitness parameters for athletes or sedanter individuals.

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