Glucocorticoids (GCs) are involved in stress and circadian regulation, and produce many actions via the GC receptor (GR), which is classically understood to function as a nuclear transcription factor. However, the nuclear genome is not the only genome in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria also contain a small circular genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that encodes 13 polypeptides. Recent work has established that, in the brain and other systems, the GR is translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondria and that stress and corticosteroids have a direct influence on mtDNA transcription and mitochondrial physiology. To determine if stress affects mitochondrially transcribed mRNA (mtRNA) expression, we exposed adult male rats to both acute and chronic immobilization stress and examined mtRNA expression using quantitative RT-PCR. We found that acute stress had a main effect on mtRNA expression and that expression of NADH dehydrogenase 1, 3, and 6 (ND-1, ND-3, ND-6) and ATP synthase 6 (ATP-6) genes was significantly down-regulated. Chronic stress induced a significant up-regulation of ND-6 expression. Adrenalectomy abolished acute stress-induced mtRNA regulation, demonstrating GC dependence. ChIP sequencing of GR showed that corticosterone treatment induced a dose-dependent association of the GR with the control region of the mitochondrial genome. These findings demonstrate GR and stress-dependent transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial genome in vivo and are consistent with previous work linking stress and GCs with changes in the function of brain mitochondria.nuclear receptors | allostasis | mitochondrial plasticity | brain metabolism | mitochondrial transcription
The stable difference schemes approximately solving the nonlocal boundary value problem for hyperbolic-parabolic equationin a Hilbert space H with self-adjoint positive definite operator A are presented. The stability estimates for the solutions of the difference schemes of the mixed type boundary value problems for hyperbolic-parabolic equations are obtained. The theoretical statements for the solution of these difference schemes for hyperbolic-parabolic equation are supported by the results of numerical experiments. (~)
The nonlocal boundary value problem d 2 u t /dt 2 Au t f t 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 , i du t /dt Au t g t −1 ≤ t ≤ 0 , u 0 u 0 − , u t 0 u t 0 − , Au −1 αu μ ϕ, 0 < μ ≤ 1, for hyperbolic Schrödinger equations in a Hilbert space H with the self-adjoint positive definite operator A is considered. The stability estimates for the solution of this problem are established. In applications, the stability estimates for solutions of the mixed-type boundary value problems for hyperbolic Schrödinger equations are obtained.
The nonlocal boundary value problem for hyperbolic-parabolic equationsfor differential equation in a Hilbert space H, with the self-adjoint positive definite operator A is considered. The stability estimates for the solution of this problem are established. In applications, the stability estimates for the solutions of the mixed type boundary value problems for hyperbolic-parabolic equations are obtained.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.