An object-oriented methodology is proposed to harmonize several different markup languages in this research. First, we adopt the Unified Modelling Language (UML) as the data model to formalize the concept and the process of the harmonization process between the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) applications. Then, we design the Harmonization eXtensible Markup Language (HXML) based on the data model and formalize the transformation between the Document Type Definitions (DTDs) of the original XML applications and HXML. The transformation between instances is also discussed. We use the harmonization of SMIL and X3D as an example to demonstrate the proposed methodology. This methodology can be generalized to various application domains.
The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) provides a good tool to represent the Web content due to its semistructured characteristics. A new XML-based Web architecture is proposed in this work, upon which various applications are built. The proposed XML-based Web architecture contains four major components: layout, content, digital right management (DRM), and security. Each component is described by one or more specific XML languages. Then, different XML languages are harmonized under one framework for efficiency and ease of manipulation. The XML-based schema of webpages can be organized easily to meet both internal and external requirements. That is, the Web data should be managed more easily by content owners while customization should be made for different users with different interests and access means.
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