Presenting clinical manifestations of gout may relate to intra-articular tophaceous deposits. Such deposits present as masses on MR images with low to intermediate signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images and a characteristic enhancement pattern following intravenous Gd administration. These features relate primarily to internal calcifications, which are most evident on CT images. MR evaluation (including Gd administration) supplemented, in some cases, with CT scanning allows accurate diagnosis of intra-articular tophaceous deposits.

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Arthroscopy-assisted screw fixation is more stable, and it allows early exercise. However, the fragment must be large enough to be fixed with a screw. Comminuted or small fragments present limitations for screw fixation techniques. We used the non-absorbable intraligmentous suture to pull down the fragment regardless of small size or comminuted status. The technique is simple and provided secure fixation without damage to the ACL insertion. A second operation is not required to remove the hardware.

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Abstract:The anti-breast cancer drug tamoxifen has recently been shown to cause an increase in [Ca 2π ] i in renal tubular cells, breast cells and bladder cells. Because tamoxifen is known to interact with oestrogens leading to modulation of bone metabolism, the present study was aimed at exploring whether tamoxifen could alter Ca 2π signaling in human osteoblastlike MG63 cells. Cytosolic free Ca 2π levels were recorded by using the Ca 2π -sensitive dye fura-2. Tamoxifen induced a sustained [Ca 2π ] i increase at concentrations above 1 mM with an EC 50 of 8 mM. Removal of extracellular Ca 2π reduced the response by 40%, suggesting that tamoxifen induced both Ca 2π influx and store Ca 2π release. Tamoxifen-induced Ca 2π influx was confirmed as tamoxifen caused Mn 2π influx-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. In Ca 2π -free medium, pretreatment with 10 mM tamoxifen abolished the [Ca 2π ] i increase induced by 1 mM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2π pump inhibitor), and by 2 mM carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (a mitochondrial uncoupler). Conversely, pretreatment with thapsigargin and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone only reduced 64% of tamoxifeninduced [Ca 2π ] i increases. Addition of 2 mM U73122 to inhibit phospholipase C activity abolished the [Ca 2π