Site-specific pesticide delivery is one of the potential strategies to enhance the use of fungicides and decrease undesirable environmental damages. Herein, a β-glucanase enzyme-responsive nanovehicle used for controlling chlorothalonil (CHT) release in the plant vascular system was synthesized (CHT@MSNs-β-glucans) by attaching β-glucans extracted from the yeast cell wall on MSNs pore rims for the management of rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea). CHT@MSNs-β-glucans characteristics were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N 2 isotherm, and Zetasizer. The obtained results showed that CHT@MSNs-β-glucans have excellent enzymatic release dependency, an outstanding loading efficacy of 24.99%, remarkable protection from acidic and alkaline conditions, and UV shielding ability up to 3 times greater than that of CHT commercial product (CHT-WP). CHT@MSNs-β-glucans showed excellent bioactivity against rice blast compared with CHT-WP. Moreover, CHT@ MSNs-β-glucans showed better distribution in different tissues of rice plants. Additionally, CHT@MSNs-β-glucans showed 2.6 times lower toxicity to Daphnia magna and exhibited lower changes in soil microbial abundance than CHT-WP. This study provides significant sustainable management of plant pathogens for better farming.
Interactive
release formulations are one of the best strategies
for enhancing pesticides usage. A 112 nm α-amylase enzyme-responsive
nanosystem loaded with abamectin (ABM) was synthesized by attaching
carboxymethyl starch (CMS) to the surface of hollow mesoporous silica
(HMS) to improve ABM insecticidal activity and photostability. ABM-loaded
HMS–CMS characteristics were tested. ABM release behavior under
different pH levels and in the presence or absence of α-amylase
enzyme was investigated. The ultraviolet (UV) protection ability and
the insecticidal activity against one of the model insects, Spodoptera littoralis, were examined. The adhesion
properties of ABM-loaded HMS–CMS on corn leaves have been tested.
The prepared ABM-loaded HMS–CMS presented a high loading efficacy
of up to 24.77% and enzymatic release dependency of up to 88.34% after
17 days of adding α-amylase enzyme. After 60 h of UV radiation,
only 17.7% of the loaded ABM into HMS–CMS has deteriorated.
ABM-loaded HMS–CMS showed better insecticidal activity against S. littoralis than abamectin commercial formulation
(ABM-EC). After 14 days, the LC50 of ABM-loaded HMS–CMS
was 51.7% lower than that of ABM-EC. The prepared ABM-loaded HMS–CMS
showed excellent adhesion on corn leaves. We recommend using such
formulations to achieve better and sustainable farming.
BACKGROUND: As the use of diamide insecticides on corn continues to increase, there is growing concern about their residue levels on corn and dietary risks to populations. In this study, the distribution, dispersion and transfer efficiency of two diamide insecticides (tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCAP) and cyantraniliprole (CNAP)) in different parts of corn and soil were investigated in a 1-year field trial in Guangzhou and Lanzhou using two different application methodsspray and drip irrigation, respectivelyand the dietary risk of the insecticides to different consumer populations was assessed under the two application methods.
RESULTS:The results showed that drip irrigation had a longer persistence period than spraying, and there was a hysteresis in the absorption distribution of the agent in different parts of corn, which was gradually transferred to the leaves after absorption from the roots. The average TE 1 (transfer efficiency) and TE 2 were 0.230-0.261 and 1.749-1.851 for TCAP and 0.168-0.187 and 2.363-2.815 for CNAP, respectively. At corn harvest, both TCAP and CNAP were below detectable levels in soil and corn. For different consumer populations, hazard quotients ranged from 0.001 to 0.066 for TCAP and from 0.003 to 0.568 for CNAPboth well below 100%.CONCLUSION: This study indicates that TCAP and CNAP applied by spray or drip irrigation are safe for long-term risk of human intake and also provides guidance for the use of both insecticides in agricultural production to control corn pests, especially in arid and semi-arid areas.
In this work, an
enzyme-responsive nanovehicle for improving captan
(CAP) contact fungicide bioactivity and translocation in plant tissues
was synthesized (CAP-MSNs-β-glucan) by attaching β-glucan
to the outer surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. CAP-MSNs-β-glucan
properties were tested by FTIR, ζ-potential, DLS, XRD, TGA,
FE-SEM, and HR-TEM. Cargo protection ability of CAP-MSNs-β-glucan
from photolysis and hydrolysis was examined in comparison to CAP commercial
formulation (CAP-CF). CAP-MSNs-β-glucan distribution in plant
tissues, bioactivity against
Fusarium graminearum
, and biotoxicity toward zebrafish (
Danio rerio
) were tested and compared with that of CAP-CF. CAP-MSNs-β-glucan
results showed good loading efficacy reaching 18.39% and enzymatic-release
dependency up to 83.8% of the total cargo after 20 days of β-glucan
unsealing. CAP-MSNs-β-glucan showed significant release protection
under pH changes. MSNs-β-glucan showed excellent CAP protection
from UV. CAP-MSNs-β-glucan showed better distribution in corn
tissues and 1.28 more inhibiting potency to
Fusarium graminearum
than CAP-CF. CAP-MSNs-β-glucan showed 1.88 times lower toxicity
than CAP-CF to zebrafish after 96 h of treatment. We recommend using
such formulations to overcome shortcomings of contact fungicides and
achieve better and sustainable farming.
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