Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies in the world. Although great efforts are put in developing novel therapeutic targets, the effective targeting drugs are still limited. Recent studies reveal the abnormality of Hippo/YAP axis play critical role in the oncogenic process of gastric cancer. It is of great importance to demonstrate the regulation of Hippo signaling activity and YAP protein turnover in gastric cancer. Besides, the phosphorylation cascade on YAP function, which has been thoroughly investigated, the ubiquitination of YAP is also important in Hippo signaling status. Here, We utilized the DUB (Deubiquitinase) siRNA library to identify critical DUB for Hippo signaling. We discovered OTUB1 as a critical factor to facilitate gastric cancer cell stemness and progression, which deubiquitinated and stabilized YAP protein. The clinical data analysis implicated OTUB1 was higher expressed in gastric cancer, which correlated with YAP activity and poor survival. OUTB1 interacted with YAP protein via its OTU domain (Ovarian tumor domain) and deubiquitinated YAP at several lysine sites (K90, K280, K343, K494 and K497), which subsequently inhibited YAP degradation. Our study revealed a novel deubiquitinase of Hippo/YAP axis and one possible therapeutic target for YAP-driven gastric cancer.
ERα positive breast cancer accounts for 70% of breast malignancies. Compared with ERα negative types, ERα positive breast cancer could be effective controlled by endocrine therapy. However, more than half of the patients will develop endocrine resistance, making it an important clinical issue for breast cancer therapy. Endocrine resistance might be caused by multiple alternations, including the components of ERα signaling, during tumor progression. Thus, it is urgent and necessary to uncover the molecular mechanisms that controls ERα expression and stability to improve breast cancer therapeutics. In our current study, we identifies that the ubiquitin ligase RNF181 stabilizes ERα and facilitates breast cancer progression. The expression of RNF181 is correlated with ERα level in human breast tumors and relates to poor survival in endocrine-treated patients. RNF181 depletion inhibits breast cancer progression in vivo and in vitro, reduces ERα protein level and its target gene expression, such as PS2 and GREB1. Unbiased RNA sequencing analysis indicates RNF181 is necessary for ERα signature gene expression in whole genomic level. Immuno-precipitation assays indicate that RNF181 associates with ERα and promotes its stability possibly via inducing ERα K63-linked poly-ubiquitination. In conclusion, our data implicate a non-genomic mechanism by RNF181 via stabilizing ERα protein controls ERα target gene expression linked to breast cancer progression.
AIMTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy.METHODSThe clinical data of 42 patients who were divided into an ERAS group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 22) were collected. The observed indicators included operation conditions, postoperative clinical indexes, and postoperative serum stress indexes. Measurement data following a normal distribution are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed by t-test. Count data were analyzed by χ2 test.RESULTSThe operative time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, and number of patients with conversion to open surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. Postoperative clinical indexes, including the time to initial anal exhaust, time to initial liquid diet intake, time to out-of-bed activity, and duration of hospital stay of patients without complications, were significantly different between the two groups (t = 2.045, 8.685, 2.580, and 4.650, respectively, P < 0.05 for all). However, the time to initial defecation, time to abdominal drainage-tube removal, and the early postoperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups. Regarding postoperative complications, on the first and third days after the operation, the white blood cell count (WBC) and C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group.CONCLUSIONThe perioperative ERAS program for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy is safe and effective and should be popularized. Additionally, this program can also reduce the duration of hospital stay and improve the degree of comfort and satisfaction of patients.
Background The Hippo pathway functions as a tumor suppressor pathway in human cancers, while dysfunction of the Hippo pathway is frequently observed in malignancies. Although YAP/TAZ activity is tightly controlled by the phosphorylation cascade of the MST-LATS-YAP/TAZ axis, it is still unclear why the YAP/TAZ proteins are activated in human cancers despite Hippo pathway activation. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to phosphorylation, several other posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination, also play critical roles in modulating TAZ function. Methods We used several gastric cancer cell lines and performed western blot analysis, real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation assays, and in vitro ubiquitination assays and established a xenograft mouse model. Results Here, by screening a DUB (deubiquitinase) siRNA library, we discovered that DUB1 functions as a critical modulator that facilitates gastric cancer stemness and progression by deubiquitinating and activating the TAZ protein. We also found that DUB1 expression was elevated in gastric cancer and that elevated DUB1 expression correlated with TAZ activation and poor survival. DUB1 associates with the TAZ protein and deubiquitinates TAZ at several lysine residues, which subsequently stabilizes TAZ and facilitates its function. Conclusions Our study revealed a novel deubiquitinase in the Hippo/TAZ axis and identified one possible therapeutic target for Hippo-driven gastric cancer.
MicroRNAs are reported as a vital important factor in cancer cell initiation and progression processes. MicroRNA-19-3p has drawn the attention of many researchers in recent years because of its wide expression and its key role in serious kinds of tumor cells. However, the detailed mechanism of microRNA-19a-3p in these tumors is still poorly understood. So, in the present study, we aimed to explore the biological function and potential molecular mechanism of microRNA-19a-3p in different cancer cells. We first detect the relative level of miR-19a-3p in cancer cell lines and tumor tissues compared to normal cells and tissues. Results indicated the messenger RNA expression of microRNA-19a-3p existing in an aberrant low level in cancer cells and tissues. The overexpression of microRNA-19a-3p significantly reduced the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in HCT116 cells. In addition to this, increased microRNA-19a-3p could induce cell apoptosis via promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, whereas inhibition of microRNA-19a-3p exhibited an opposite effect. Moreover, we predicated the target genes and the binding sites of microRNA-19a-3p and confirmed FAS as the targeting of microRNA-19a-3p through luciferase activity assay. Taken together, these results indicated that microRNA-19a-3p overexpression inhibited HCT116 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis, and ROS accumulation via FAS targeting effect. It was conceivable that microRNA-19a-3p might serve as a potential molecular target for breast and liver cancer treatment.
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