Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides) is a significant national strategic resource in China. It is a natural high quality rubber resource, with great development potential. We found large differences in rooting ability during adventitious root (AR) formation in two E. ulmoides improved varieties. Therefore, we used two improved varieties of E. ulmoides, ‘Huazhong 6’ (H6, with rooting rate 85.3%) and ‘Huazhong 8’ (H8, with rooting rate 22.5%) to explore the cutting rooting mechanism. In this study, we mainly determined the morphological development process of E. ulmoides cutting rooting, and compared the rooting-related indexes of the two improved varieties, and the changes in physiological indexes closely related to rooting, which include endogenous hormones, oxidases and nutrients in the phloem of the basal stem. The results showed that indole–3–acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), IAA/ZR and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) were the key factors that caused big differences in rooting ability between the two E. ulmoides improved varieties. The increase in endogenous hormone IAA content and IAA/ZR value were necessary for the formation of AR. The increase in IAA content was beneficial to AR formation. The activity of IAAO was significantly negatively correlated with the rooting ability of the E. ulmoides cuttings. The high IAAO activity of the H8 cuttings led to the consumption of IAA. Although the content of IAA increased, the rooting conditions were not reached. The accumulation of nutrients before rooting also has an important effect on rooting; it is easy for cuttings to root when the carbon–nitrogen ratio (C/N) value is high. This research provides an improved understanding of the cellular and physiological underpinnings of the AR process in woody plants. In addition, it provides a theoretical basis and foundation for subsequent research on E. ulmoides cuttage technology.
The 2′,3′-cycling ribonuclease (RNase) genes are catalysts of RNA cleavage and include the RNase T2 gene family. RNase T2 genes perform important roles in plants and have been conserved in the genome of eukaryotic organisms. In this study we identified 21 EURNS genes in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) and analyzed their structure, chromosomal location, phylogenetic tree, gene duplication, stress-related cis-elements, and expression patterns in different tissues. The length of 21 predicted EURNS proteins ranged from 143 to 374 amino acids (aa), their molecular weight (MW) ranged from 16.21 to 42.38 kDa, and their isoelectric point (PI) value ranged from 5.08 to 9.09. Two classifications (class I and class III) were obtained from the conserved domains analysis and phylogenetic tree. EURNS proteins contained a total of 15 motifs. Motif 1, motif 2, motif 3, and motif 7 were distributed in multiple sequences and were similar to the conserved domain of RNase T2. EURNS genes with similar structure and the predicted EURNS proteins with conserved motif compositions are in the same group in the phylogenetic tree. The results of RT-PCR and transcription data showed that EURNS genes have tissue-specific expression and exhibited obvious trends in different developmental stages. Gene duplication analysis results indicated that segment duplication may be the dominant duplication mode in this gene family. This study provides a theoretical basis for research on the RNase T2 gene family and lays a foundation for the further study of EURNS genes.
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