Donepezil demonstrated small but significant improvement on the primary measure of cognition but there was no change on the primary measure of global function. Most other measures of global impairment, cognition, and function were not improved, possibly because these measures are insensitive to change in MCI. Responses on subjective measures suggest subjects perceived benefits with donepezil treatment.

Patients with severe AD demonstrated greater efficacy compared to placebo on measures of cognition and global function.

In this analysis, donepezil had significant benefits over placebo on global, cognitive, functional, and behavioral measures in a subgroup of patients with more severe AD. Furthermore, the treatment effects of donepezil were not driven by a particular stratum within the moderate to severe dementia range.

The higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) protected by spacial symmetry has been studied in-depth on models with square lattice. Our work, based on an alternative model on the breathing Kagome lattice, revealed that the different types of corners in the lattice could actually be conditionally gapless, or always gapped. Using the Wilson loop formalism, we argue that these corner states occur when the eigenvalues of the Wannier Hamiltonian cross through a certain reference point during the conceptual "pumping" procedure. The results demonstrate the corner of the Kagome lattice based HOTI is a zero-dimensional analogue of the 1D chiral edge states on the boundary of a Chern insulator, but with a sensitive dependence on the shape of the corner. Our method of the pumping cylinder, which reveals the symmetry/gapless-ability correspondence, can be generalized into a general scheme in determining the classification of corner(hinge) states in HOTI.

No abstract