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In this paper, we adopt a novel efficiency measure, namely, the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) per unit power, in relay network design. First, limitations of conventional efficiency measures, spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, are discussed to motivate the SNR-per-unit-power (SNR-PUP) measure. Then for a single-relay network which uses amplifyand-forward (AF) protocol, we find the optimal relay power that maximizes the SNR-PUP for a given transmitter power. The average relay power, the SNR-PUP, and the outage probability of the proposed design are investigated analytically and numerically, and are compared with the conventional design where the relay power is fixed. We also consider a general multi-relay network and use gradient-ascent method for the SNR-PUP maximization. Our results show that with the same average relay transmit power, the proposed design is superior not only in the SNR-PUP but also in the outage probability for both single and multi-relay networks.

The essay is to prove that Chinese investments in developing countries are not a debt trap by comparing US, European and Chinese investments. This phenomenon has been observed in recent years and it was usually questioning China's motive of foreign investments from the perspectives of Western countries. The essay uses case study method. Through the case study of the US, European and Chinese foreign investments, the essay hopes to have broader lessons of knowing that there was no debt trap in Chinese foreign investments. The result of the essay reveals that the debt trap does not exist in Chinese investments in developing countries due to the lack of relevant evidence and Western countries' misunderstanding, even though US and European investments are different from China. In conclusion, the essay deepens our understanding of Chinese foreign investments, and to some extent, it will reveal that Western countries have stereotype towards Chinese investments in terms of the debt trap. Moreover, the essay can be useful to understand how to correctly view Chinese foreign investment approach, and explain that to a certain extent, Chinese investments have helped local economic development and objectively point out that there is still some room for upward mobility of Chinese investment approach in the region. Admittedly, the essay is limited in the way that in the international environment, state-to-state investments do not necessarily seek economic returns, but may also demand political returns. For example, US aid to Israel is fundamentally about preserving its political and economic interests in the Middle East. Further studies can look into the US, Europe and China's strategies towards developing countries and their roles in the investments.

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The essay explores the reasons for the EU's sanctions towards Cambodia and the role of human rights in sanctions. Briefly, it gives some suggestions regarding using sanction tools by analysing the essence of the EU's sanctions towards Cambodia. This phenomenon has been observed in recent years and usually emerged between higher and lower democratic index states that the EU sanctioned Cambodia. The essay uses the case study method to discuss the EU's sanctions towards Cambodia from 2017 to 2021. Through the case study of sanctions, the essay hopes to have broader lessons of knowing that human rights should not be the only reason for sanctions. The result of the essay reveals that not all sanctions are derived from human rights, but sanctions that take human rights as a starting point could instead violate human rights. In conclusion, the essay deepens our understanding of the EU's sanctions towards Cambodia, the EU's sanctions, European sanctions towards other states, and the sanctions. To some extent, it will reveal that sanctions are tools under the situation of abnormal diplomacy. Moreover, the essay can be useful to understand how to correctly use sanction tools in the future and illustrate that sanctions could not become the only effective way under the framework of international relations. Admittedly, the essay is limited because not all sanctions start from a human rights perspective, and there will also be oil sanctions like the US imposed on Germany in WWII. Further studies can investigate the EU's strategies towards those Southeastern Asian states and explore the role of Cambodia.

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