t-Butyl and t-pentylcalix [4]arenes bearing two 2-naphthol-1-hydrazone groups at the lower rim were synthesized, and showed excited-state intermolecular proton transfer fluorescent signal with basic anion. They are more sensitive to dihydrogen phosphate anion than to fluoride anion, although the latter has stronger basicity. Compared with t-butylcalix[4]arene bearing two 2-naphthol-1-hydrazone groups, t-pentylcalix[4]arenes derivative has a larger fluorescent difference between dihydrogen phosphate and fluoride anion. This finding may be used to analyze dihydrogen phosphate anion in the presence of fluoride anion and provide a new approach for designing fluorescence probes that are highly selective for H 2 PO 4 .calixarene, probe for anions, fluorescence, dihydrogen phosphate anion, excited-state proton transfer
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