Network Coordinate (NC) systems are efficient in scalable Internet latency estimation. While most of the focus has been put on how to distort Triangle Inequality Violation (TIV) in metric spaces to relieve the inaccuracy caused by it, TIV is a persistently and widely existing phenomenon on the Internet and thus should be embraced by future NC systems rather than being eliminated. Besides high accuracy, such an NC system can also provide the benefit of reducing the data transmission time by use of proper relay routes. With that in mind, we design an NC system with a hierarchical architecture, which is motivated by the natural idea of partitioning the three TIV links into different autonomous NC systems, in order to make as many as TIVs inherently embeddable in metric space. We implement and deploy our work, named Toread, on real Internet. Evaluation results show that Toread 's metric space can well characterize more than 60% TIVs, thus Toread is highly accurate (0.54 in Toread versus 1.06 in Pyxida at 90th percentile Relative Error) and effective in searching detour paths (succeeds in 58.2% cases).
The network coordinate (NC) systems, which are scalable in estimating the latencies between network hosts, are significantly limited by the Triangle Inequality Violations (TIVs). Previously, two-layer Vivaldi systems like Pharos were proposed to remedy the impact of TIV. In our recent research, we built a new system, Tarantula, which deals with a larger portion of existing TIVs. Our simulation demonstrates that this new system achieves a higher estimation accuracy than the two-layer systems do.
Abstract-When large files are offered by many mirrors for clients to download, selecting the proper download mirrors is necessary in speeding up the clients' download. The existing method, which measures all the Round Trip Time (RTT) between clients and all mirrors, costs much time and Internet traffic. In this paper, we propose NC-APT, an efficient and scalable download mirror selecting system, which is capable to provide clients an efficient method to select quick download mirror. NC-APT is scalable because it only requires the mirrors to response to ICMP ping instead of keeping running an NC software program. Our experimental results show that NC-APT significantly improves the clients' download rates with slight cost of time and Internet traffic.
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