We develop the regular black hole solutions by incorporating the 1-loop quantum correction to the Newton potential and a time delay between an observer at the regular center and one at infinity. We define the maximal time delay between the center and the infinity by scanning the mass of black holes such that the sub-Planckian feature of the Kretschmann scalar curvature is preserved during the process of evaporation. We also compare the distinct behavior of the Kretschmann curvature for black holes with asymptotically Minkowski cores and those with asymptotically de-Sitter cores, including Bardeen and Hayward black holes. We expect that such regular black holes may provide more information about the construction of effective metrics for Planck stars.
We investigate the photon sphere and the marginally stable circular orbit for massive particles over a recently proposed regular black holes with sub-Planckian curvature and Minkowskian core. We derive the effective potential for geodesic orbits and determine the radius of circular photon orbits, with an analysis on the stability of these orbits. We extend our analysis to the background of compact massive object (CMO) without horizon, whose mass is below the lowest bound for the formation of a black hole. For massive particles, marginally stable circular orbit become double-valued in CMO phase. 
By comparing wih Bardeen black hole and Hayward black hole, it is also found that the locations of photon sphere and marginally stable circular orbit in CMO phase with Minkowskian core are evidently different from the ones in CMO phase with dS core, which potentially provides a way to distinguish these two sorts of black holes by astronomical observation. Finally, we provide the observational constraint on the deviation parameter for such regular black holes by the observed data from black hole M87*.
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