No abstract

International research collaboration (IRC) has been increasingly important as an emerging area of innovation studies. This study reviews the intellectual base, main research trajectories and intellectual communities of the IRC research domain over the period 1957-2015. It integrates qualitative review and three quantitative analyses including co-citation network analysis, main path analysis and bibliographic coupling analysis. The results show that the IRC research has gone through three phases, namely, "emergence" (1957-1991), "fermentation" (1992-2005) and "take-off" (2006-2015) phases. The co-citation network analysis confirms that the IRC research field has been developed under the influence of two pioneering studies related to bibliometrics research. The main research trajectories in IRC studies over its three development phases and over the whole period are identified based on the main path analysis, which shows that co-authorship analysis is the main research method in IRC studies. A bibliographic coupling analysis suggests that the whole IRC research domain can be classified into five distinct intellectual areas: drivers of IRC, IRC patterns, IRC effects, IRC networks and IRC measurement. Seven topics for future research are also identified.

The Born cross section for the process e þ e − → pp is measured using the initial state radiation technique with an undetected photon. This analysis is based on datasets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.5 fb −1 , collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center of mass energies between 3.773 and 4.600 GeV. The Born cross section for the process e þ e − → pp and the proton effective form factor are determined in the pp invariant mass range between 2.0 and 3.8 GeV=c 2 divided into 30 intervals. The proton form factor ratio (jG E j=jG M j) is measured in 3 intervals of the pp invariant mass between 2.0 and 3.0 GeV=c 2 .

Results are reported for the B 0 s → µ + µ − branching fraction and effective lifetime and from a search for the decay B 0 → µ + µ −. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions accumulated by the CMS experiment in 2011, 2012, and 2016, with center-of-mass energies (integrated luminosities) of 7 TeV (5 fb −1), 8 TeV (20 fb −1), and 13 TeV (36 fb −1). The branching fractions are determined by measuring event yields relative to B + → J/ψK + decays (with J/ψ → µ + µ −), which results in the reduction of many of the systematic uncertainties. The decay B 0 s → µ + µ − is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations. The branching fraction is measured to be B(B 0 s → µ + µ −) = [2.9 ± 0.7(exp) ± 0.2(frag)] × 10 −9 , where the first uncertainty combines the experimental statistical and systematic contributions, and the second is due to the uncertainty in the ratio of the B 0 s and the B + fragmentation functions. No significant excess is observed for the decay B 0 → µ + µ − , and an upper limit of B(B 0 → µ + µ −) < 3.6 × 10 −10 is obtained at 95% confidence level. The B 0 s → µ + µ − effective lifetime is measured to be τ µ + µ − = 1.70 +0.61 −0.44 ps. These results are consistent with standard model predictions.

The Triple Helix (TH) interactions among innovation organizations have become increasingly important for national science and technology development. Yet, few studies in the extant literature have investigated their effects on the participants' scientific performance. This study fills this research gap by exploring whether the scientific performance of research institutes is influenced by their TH interactions with industries or/and universities. More specifically, the dynamic patterns of bilateral and trilateral interactions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) as a typical example with industries or/and universities, as well as their effects on the CAS's scientific performance are revealed by means of the TH theoretical framework. The research result shows that their bilateral and trilateral interactions not only directly and significantly improved the CAS's scientific performance but also moderately enhanced the effects of research investments on that performance. It is confirmed as expected that the bilateral interactions between research institutes and universities exhibit a more positive and significant effect on scientific performance in both direct and indirect ways compared with the bilateral interactions between research institutes and industries.In summary, this study extends the analytical scope of TH empirical studies by implementing an exploring research on the TH effects from the perspective of academic institutes.