Cotton modifi ed with a cationic reagent has been dyed by an exhaustion process using nanoscale pigment dispersions. Pigment uptake, colour yield and fastness properties on cotton were measured. Uptake of pigment was found to be closely related to the concentration of cationic reagent, pH of the pretreatment bath, pretreatment temperature and time of cationisation. These factors also infl uenced the fastness properties of the fabric. Nanoscale pigment dispersions gave a much higher colour yield than conventional pigment dispersions on cotton. Fastness properties were acceptable for wash-down effects. It is clear that exhaust dyeing using nanoscale pigment dispersions offers a number of advantages in terms of pigment requirement, improved handle and appearance, and also in environmental protection.
We present a new image editing method, particularly effective for sharpening major edges by increasing the steepness of transition while eliminating a manageable degree of low-amplitude structures. The seemingly contradictive effect is achieved in an optimization framework making use of L 0 gradient minimization, which can globally control how many non-zero gradients are resulted in to approximate prominent structure in a sparsity-control manner. Unlike other edge-preserving smoothing approaches, our method does not depend on local features, but instead globally locates important edges. It, as a fundamental tool, finds many applications and is particularly beneficial to edge extraction, clip-art JPEG artifact removal, and non-photorealistic effect generation.
Currently, most neuroblastoma patients are treated according to the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) risk group assignment; however, neuroblastoma’s heterogeneity renders only a few predictors for treatment response, resulting in excessive treatment. Here, we sought to couple COG risk classification with tumor intracellular microbiome, which is part of the molecular signature of a tumor. We determine that an intra-tumor microbial gene abundance score, namely M-score, separates the high COG-risk patients into two subpopulations (Mhigh and Mlow) with higher accuracy in risk stratification than the current COG risk assessment, thus sparing a subset of high COG-risk patients from being subjected to traditional high-risk therapies. Mechanistically, the classification power of M-scores implies the effect of CREB over-activation, which may influence the critical genes involved in cellular proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and angiogenesis, affecting tumor cell proliferation survival and metastasis. Thus, intracellular microbiota abundance in neuroblastoma regulates intracellular signals to affect patients’ survival.
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