Background Dyskinesia is a troublesome complication of long-term dopaminergic medications in Par-kinson’s disease (PD) patients. Many factors are reported to be associated with dyskinesia in PD. Objective To investigate the association between sleep quality and dyskinesia in patients with PD. Methods Four hundred twenty-five patients with PD were enrolled in this study. Demographic information was collected. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage scale were also performed. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied to evaluate daytime sleepiness and overall nighttime sleep quality, respectively, in PD patients. Results Patients with dyskinesia tended to have a longer duration of disease, higher daily levodopa-equivalent dose (LED), H-Y stage, UPDRS II and PSQI score, and a higher percentage of levodopa treatment than those without dyskinesia. After adjusting for age, sex, age at onset of PD, disease duration, UPDRS I, UPDRS II, UPDRS III, cigarette smoking, use of different antiparkinsonian drugs, phenotype, daily LED, and restless leg syndrome (RLS), PSQI score was still associated with dyskinesia, with corresponding ORs 1.111 (95% CI, 1.004–1.229) as a continuous variable, and 2.469 (95% CI, 1.051–5.800) as a categorical variable, respectively. Further analysis of PSQI components showed that subjective sleep quality and sleep latency were associated with dyskinesia in PD patients. Conclusions Our data showed that poor nighttime sleep is positively associated with dyskinesia in PD patients. Attention to the management of nighttime sleep quality may be beneficial to dyskinesia in patients with PD.

Drooling is common, even in mild-to-moderate PD patients. PD patients with non-TD subtype are at a higher risk of drooling. Male sex, motor severity, excessive daytime sleepiness, poor nighttime sleep, and constipation are also associated with drooling in patients with PD.

Background: Hypophosphatemia was reported to frequently occur in patients with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH); however, the correlation between hypophosphatemia and outcomes of ICH remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between admission serum phosphate and all-cause mortality among patients with mildmoderate spontaneous ICH (sICH). Methods: A total of 851 patients with sICH were enrolled. Serum phosphate was acquired within 24 hours on admission, and participants were divided according to phosphate quartiles. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 90 days, and univariate and multivariate models were employed to estimate the mortality risk. Results: There were significant differences among sICH patients with different phosphate quartiles in terms of age, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet count, and incidence of respiratory failure events on admission (P < 0.05). Log rank test showed a significant difference in the mortality risk among sICH patients with each phosphate quartile. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age, smoking, DBP, APTT, NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) score, hematoma volume and serum phosphate might be associated with the 90-day all-cause mortality in patients with sICH (P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the crude mortality was 4.3-fold greater in sICH patients with serum phosphate Q1 than those with Q4 (P < 0.001), and remained 3.18-fold higher after adjusting for age, smoking, DBP, APTT, NIHSS score, hematoma volume and early withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (P = 0.011). Representative operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that admission serum phosphate was predictable for all-cause mortality within 90 days in patients with sICH (area under the ROC = 0.628, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Low admission serum phosphate is strongly associated with a high risk of mortality in patients with mild-moderate sICH, and hypophosphatemia may be a prognostic marker for all-cause mortality in patients with mild-moderate sICH.

Objective To determine the function of each type of peripheral nerve fiber and investigate the possible role of levodopa (LD) in peripheral neuropathy (PN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods We enrolled 60 patients with idiopathic PD. All PD patients were divided into three groups: levodopa exposure >3 years (LELD), levodopa exposure ≤3 years (SELD) and de novo patients with PD (NOLD). The current perception threshold (CPT), which was measured by Neurometer at 2000, 250 and 5 Hz, the level of homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and folic acid in plasma, were compared with those of sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs). Results Current perception threshold was higher at 250 Hz (p < .05) and 5 Hz (p < .05) in the LELD group than the NOLD, SELD, and control group. CPT was lower at 5 Hz in the NOLD than in the HCs group (p < .05). The CPT of the more affected side of PD patients was positively correlated with H‐Y stage at 5 Hz current stimulation (r = .42, p = .01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated homocysteine levels were the risk factor of sensory nerve injury in PD patients (p < .01). Serum homocysteine levels were positively correlated with levodopa (LD) daily dose, LD equivalent daily dose, and LD cumulative lifetime dose (p < .05). Conclusions Peripheral neuropathy in PD patients can occur in the early stage of PD exhibiting as hyperesthesia and is fiber selectivity, especially for Aδ and C nerve fibers. PN in PD patients is related to PD itself and long‐term LD exposure. Elevated plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for PN in PD patients.