Coconut is a high-quality agricultural product of the Asia–Pacific region. In this paper, coconut shell which mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin was used as a raw material for coconut shell oil from coconut shell pyrolysis. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and particle size on coconut oil yield was investigated, and the effect of heating rate on coconut oil components was discussed. Experimental results show that the maximum oil yield of 75.74 wt% (including water) were obtained under the conditions that the final pyrolysis temperature 575 °C, heating rate 20 °C/min, coconut shell diameter about 5 mm. Thermal gravimetric analysis was used and it can be seen that coconut shell pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages: water loss, pyrolysis and pyrocondensation. The main components of coconut-shell oil are water (about 50 wt%), aromatic, phenolic, acid, ketone and ether containing compounds.
Electrochemical preparation of Mg-Li-Al-La alloys on inert electrodes was investigated in LiClKCl melt at 853 K (580°C). Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and square wave voltammograms (SWVs) show that the existence of AlCl 3 or AlF 3 could promote La deposition on an active Al substrate, which is predeposited on inert electrodes. All electrochemical tests show that the reduction of La 3+ is a one-step reduction process with three electrons exchanged. The reduction of La(III)fiLa(0) occurred at -2.04 V, and the underpotential deposition (UPD) of La was detected at -1.55 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The same phenomena concerning La UPD were observed on two inert cathodes, W and Mo. In addition, Mg-Li-Al-La alloys were obtained by galvanostatic electrolysis on the W cathode from La 2 O 3 in LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 -KF melts with aluminum as the anode. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that various phases like the Al 2 La, Al 12 Mg 17 , and bLi phase (LiMg/Li 3 Mg 7 ) existed in the Mg-Li-Al-La alloys. The distribution of Mg, Al, and La in Mg-Li-Al-La alloys from the analysis of a scan electron micrograph (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) indicated that the elements Mg, Al, and La distributed homogeneously in the alloys.
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