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Highlights Proposing a framework to analyze emission patterns of buses and changes in post-COVID-19. 2056 buses with 1.5 million ridership and 7589 taxis with 0.2 million trips are used for analysis. 224 social surveys are collected and show a 56.3% ridership reduction in post-COVID-19. We find buses cannot be “greener” travel modal than cars if ridership reduces by more than 40%.

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