The overuse of groundwater in coastal areas of Taiwan has caused serious land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and soil salinification. Artificial lakes are one of the alternatives that increase groundwater water resources. The Pingtung Plain is one of the most bountiful groundwater resource areas in Taiwan. The grey correlation method was used to evaluate the four optimal sites in the Pingtung Plain. Evaluations were based on hydraulic conductivity, the amount and quality of source water, the distance between the potential artificial lake site and the source water intake position, and the quantity and quality of gravel dug from the potential artificial lake site. Based on groundwater recharge and water storage, the grey correlation method showed that site D (Dar-Shiang-Yung) was the best choice.Key words: artificial lake, grey correlation analysis, groundwater recharge, Pingtung Plain.
Soil humic substances (SHS) are heterogeneous, complex mixtures, whose concentration, chemical composition, and structure affect the transport and distribution of heavy metals. This study investigated the distribution behavior of two heavy metals [cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni)] in high molecular weight SHS (HMHS, 1 kDa–0.45 μm) and low molecular weight SHS (LMHS, <1 kDa) extracted from agricultural soils. The HMHS mass fractions were 45.1 ± 19.3%, 17.1 ± 6.7%, and 57.7 ± 18.5% for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Cd, and Ni, respectively. The metal binding affinity, unit organic carbon binding with heavy metal ratios ([Me]/[DOC]), were between 0.41 ± 0.09 μmol/g-C and 7.29 ± 2.27 μmol/g-C. Cd preferred binding with LMHS (p < 0.001), while Ni preferred binding with HMHS (p < 0.001). The optical indicators SUVA254, SR, and FI were 3.16 ± 1.62 L/mg-C/m, 0.54 ± 0.18 and 1.57 ± 0.15, respectively for HMHS and 2.65 ± 1.25 L/mg-C/m, 0.40 ± 0.17, and 1.68 ± 0.12, respectively for LMHS. The HMHS contained more aromatic and lower FI values than LMHS. Multilinear regression showed a significant positive correlation between the measured predicted [Me]/[DOC] ratios (r = 0.52–0.72, p < 0.001). The results show that the optical indices can distinguish the chemical composition and structure of different size SHS and predict the binding ability of Me-SHS.
Kengting National Park, located in southern Taiwan and surrounded by the sea on three sides, is the only national park that covers both land and sea. The summer is 9 months long, and its yearly average temperature is 24.5°C, which is very suitable for many different water activities. There were 7 million visitors in 2013, a sign of booming tourism. Unfortunately, the park has experienced as many as 2.4 typhoons yearly, according to Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau statistics. In addition, its geography is also unique, with steep hillsides and fragile geology. It is very close to the Hengchun fault, the Bashi Channel, and a nuclear power plant. This tourist site has a very high potential for complex disasters. There is only one main road. If a strong earthquake occurred, it would easily result in traffic disruption. Based on these concerns, this research studied the allocation of current evacuation/refuge shelters and their service areas to determine whether these shelters are sufficient for overall disaster demands, including the number of people each evacuation/refuge shelter can accommodate, service area, and space allocation. The study integrated a multi-decision making model with a Geographic Information System to establish the most optimal allocation of disaster evacuation/refuge shelters for disaster prevention in Kengting National Park.
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