This paper reports the first nearly complete genome sequence of a Malaysian Porcine bocavirus (PBoV) detected in Malaysia from a porcine organ sample. In Malaysia, both Human bocavirus (HBoV) and PBoV have been reported, at prevalence of 5.6% and 90.9% respectively. Most recently, in 2018, PBoV emerged as a zoonosis when a human case of PBoV-related respiratory infection is reported in a child with history of contact with porcine secretion. With this evidence of human infection with PBoV, considering close contact between humans and pigs in the swine industry, further study of PBoV genetic characterization and epidemiology is warranted. This study attempts to obtain the complete genome sequence of a Malaysian PBoV isolate detected in a pig farm in the state of Selangor. A nearly complete sequence was obtained through primer walking and touchdown PCR method. Based on phylogenetic analysis for the nearly complete genome, the Malaysian PBoV strain is genetically characterized as PBoV G3B, sharing a close relationship with a reference PBoV strain from U.S.A. with 98% homology. This finding may facilitate further epidemiological studies and diagnostic development of PBoV in Malaysia.
Background Delays in producing discharge prescriptions have hindered the provision of bedside dispensing services (BEDISC) that enable medication reconciliation and pharmaceutical intervention, which is an important element in transitional care medication safety. We aimed to assess the impact of early medication discharge planning on the delivery of BEDISC in terms of the rate of bedside dispensing, medication errors, and cost-saving from medication reconciliation by reusing patient’s own medicines (POMs). Methods A pre–post intervention study was conducted at medical wards in a public tertiary hospital. During the intervention phase, a structured bedside dispensing process was delineated and conveyed to the doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. Regular verbal reminders were given to the doctors to prioritize discharge patients by producing the prescriptions once discharge decisions had been made and nurses to hand the prescriptions to ward pharmacists and not patients. Throughout the study, ward pharmacists were involved in medication reconciliation via screening of discharge prescriptions and reusing POMs, performed pharmaceutical interventions for any medication errors detected, and provided bedside dispensing with discharge counseling. Comparisons were made between bedside versus counter-dispensing at pre–post intervention phases using the chi-square test. Results A total of 1097 and 817 discharge prescriptions were dispensed in the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases, respectively. The bedside dispensing rate increased by 13.5% following remedial actions (p < 0.001). The number of prescriptions intervened due to detection of medication errors increased by 13.4% for bedside dispensing (p < 0.001) versus 4.7% for counter-dispensing (p = 0.002), post-intervention. Most medication errors fell under the category of inappropriate drug (44.5%), followed by inappropriate dose (12.8%). Reusing POMs resulted in cost-saving of MYR6,851.66 at pre-intervention and MYR7,032.98 at the post-intervention phase. Overall, the cost-saving from reusing POMs in both intervention phases was 52.7% (MYR13,884.64 out of the total MYR26.367.47), with the majority contributed by respiratory medications (40.2%) followed by cardiovascular (18%) and vitamins/minerals (17.5%). Conclusion Pharmacist-coordinated early medication discharge planning has improved the delivery of bedside dispensing services, enhanced medication safety, and reduced medication costs.
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