This study explored the consumer behavior of intention to purchase green products based on a decision-making model that integrates cognitive attributes, affective attributes, and behavioral intentions in Belt and Road countries. The questionnaires were collected from customers who previously purchased green products; this study distributed the questionnaires at the appliance section of the department stores and collected 227 valid responses. Environmental attitude, product attitude, social influence, and perceived monetary value positively affected purchase intention; among these attributes, product attitude most substantially affected purchase intention. Cognitive values (collective and individual) significantly and positively affected environmental and product attitudes. Regarding individual environmental literacy, objective knowledge did not significantly affect environmental attitude, whereas subjective knowledge positively and significantly affected product attitude. In addition, both environmental awareness and government role (extrinsic motivating attributes) significantly and positively affected environmental and product attitudes for sustainable consumption. Media exposure also exerted a significant positive effect on environmental attitude for reducing, reusing and recycling emissions.This study implied that consumers do not consider green product attributes at all but instead are affected by other attributes, such as cognitive values, individual environmental literacy, price, and brand equity. Thus, the environmental attitude would be overruled by self-efficacy, the importance of product recycling, convenience, and unexpectedness. Therefore, this study explored the influence of environmental and product attitudes and purchase intention regarding green appliances based on the affective domain in the choice behavior model [6]. This study considered the Belt and Road Initiative (B&RI) countries. The Chinese government has promoted this initiative in the hopes of developing new market features.Although the literatures argue that consumers do consider green product attributes [7-9], these considerations are often pushed to the background. This study proposed that there is a trade-off in the evaluation of green product attributes that influences purchasing decisions, e.g., consumers tend to focus on product attributes first followed by green product attributes. To examine this assumption, this study focused on the trade-off between green and other product attributes on purchasing intentions. Specifically, cognitive value, individual environmental literacy and extrinsic motivating attribute are likely to be important predictors of consumer purchasing behavior because they steer the focus to specific product attributes. The aim of this study was to examine our assumption that consumers tend to focus on product attributes first followed by green product attributes and how this relationship depends on one's values. In addition, a few studies have discussed the relationships among environmental knowledge, attitud...
In this work, we comprehensively investigated the metal-electrode stress engineering on HfAlO metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitor. According to experimental results, we confirm that high-nitrogen tantalum-nitride electrode with good chemical stability not only mitigates the anti-ferroelectric property and gate leakage current, but also improves the wake-up effect and endurance cycling characteristics, which shows the great potential for future applications of low-power ferroelectric memories.
Herein, the electrical characteristics of a p-type negative-capacitance field-effect transistor are investigated using an ultrathin 2.5 nm-thick HfAlO x. The optimized performance exhibits a steep subthreshold slope of 35 mV dec À1 , a negligible hysteresis of 4 mV, and a low off-state current of 3 Â 10 À13 A μm À1. Appropriate aluminum doping into HfAlO x film can not only improve the leakage current but also stabilize the negative-capacitance matching. The prominent improvement on the capacitance matching and ferroelectricity can be ascribed to the reduced defect traps and less dielectric crystalline phase during annealing, which is important for the practical application of energy-efficient logic devices.
In this work, we demonstrated that the 5-nm-thick HfAlO x negative capacitance transistor (NCFET) with optimized Al doping can achieve a minimum 33 mV dec −1 subthreshold swing (SS), an ultralow I off of 7.44 fA μm −1 , and a high I on /I off ratio of 1.9 × 10 8 . The NC switching with sub-60 mV dec −1 SS can be implemented from V DS = 0.2 V to 0.8 V due to an ultralow off-state leakage current. The experimental results reveal that well-controlled Al doping in HfAlO x not only reduces off-state leakage of the transistor, but also improves the ferroelectric NC effect to achieve a sub-60 mV dec −1 switching under a favorably low sub-1 voltage. This scaled HfAlO x NCFET with optimized Al doping and fluorine defect passivation shows the great potential for the application of low power logic devices.
Herein, the gamma‐ray irradiation effect on ferroelectric HfAlOx capacitors for biomedical and space applications is investigated. The experimental results focus on the observation of ferroelectric polarization characteristics in support of different defect mechanisms induced by annealing, endurance cycling, and gamma‐ray irradiation. It is found that the HfAlOx with low Al doping of 6.5% become more vulnerable to radiation exposure, but a remarkable improvement in 9%‐Al‐doped HfAlOx due to less oxygen vacancies is demonstrated. In addition, the results also confirm that the fatigue property of ferroelectric HfAlOx capacitor is determined by the electric‐stress‐induced defect during endurance cycling, not mainly contributed by irradiation damage, which shows the potential for memory applications in rigorous irradiation environment.
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