The findings inform leaders of hospitals where NAs need to develop additional competencies concerning the type of training NAs need to function proficiently.

These findings may help nursing leaders to ensure future excellent patient care by helping them to see which areas need improvement. They may also help nursing leaders to develop strategies to meet patients' and nurses' expectations.

The findings can help drive strategies to ensure adequate staffing, to stabilise the nursing workforce and to prevent nurses from burnout factors such as working long hours, unpredictable schedules and a stressful work environment that may impact both the quality of emergency care and the quality of the nurses' work environment.