Kenaf fibers (KFs) were utilized as reinforcements to prepare poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) green composites. Untreated KFs of KF35 (large dimension) and KF120 (small dimension) imparted the nucleation effect for PBSA crystallization. KF120 exhibited superior nucleation efficiency compared with KF35. The tensile/flexural moduli of PBSA drastically increased after the addition of KF35 or KF120. Successful modifications of KF35 through NaOH(aq) and 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) were confirmed. The APS-treated KF (KF35AS) exhibited enhanced interaction with the PBSA matrix compared with NaOH-treated (KF35A) and untreated KF35. KF35A and KF35AS also facilitated the nucleation of PBSA crystallization. The KF35AS-incorporated composites exhibited the highest tensile/flexural moduli among the different KF-added systems at identical loadings. The tensile and flexural moduli increased to 629% and 360% (40 wt % loading), respectively, compared with PBSA. The enhanced interfacial interaction between KF35AS and PBSA lessened the negative influence of KFs on the thermal stability and water absorption of PBSA.

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In this research, we make the nanocellulose (NC) using acid hydrolysis and 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) method from bacterial cellulose (BC), dispersed in water, incorporated into polyurethane (PU) resin, prepared the composed film and characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), tensile test, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The NC is introduced into the PU resin by physical means to increase the physical and chemical properties of the waterborne PU. First, the morphological properties of NC, measured by SEM images, tensile test and thermal properties were measured. The results indicated morphological properties in using different preparation methods for the NC were different. The morphological NC prepared by the acid hydrolysis method is a short rod; by the TEMPO method, is a filament. Successfully improved the water-resistance of the waterborne PU films. Depending on the type of resin used, the tensile properties of NC/PU composite films have a different. Compared to pure PU film, the nanocomposites presented thermal stability increases. The addition of NC composite film of NC/w-436 has the maximum elongation when NC is added to 3%. The composite film of NC/w-460 has the maximum elongation when NC is added to 20%.