The four-factor model of the PTGI-C is invariant among cancer survivors using traditional Chinese as a written form of the language. The differences in the degree of some posttraumatic growth dimensions may be because of differences in cultural factors and in psychosocial support for cancer patients between the two regions.

The identified cancer-coping styles were predictive of the survivors' psychological symptoms, psychological well-being, and health-related quality of life but not cancer survival or recurrence.

In the present study, we used the phenomenological approach to rediscover the ontological meaning of relationships with the deceased in Taiwanese widows/widowers. We first revised the original Western definitions of grief, bereavement, and mourning to fit Taiwanese culture. We used the word bei dao to indicate the mixed nature of grief and mourning in the Taiwanese bereavement process. Then we reanalyzed data from a previous study, which was conducted in 2006. In the previous qualitative research, each subject was interviewed 3 to 4 times in the mourning state over an 18-month interval that began at the point of the spouse's death. Results showed that two main themes emerged in the present analysis: (a) a blurred boundary of life and death and (b) a transformation of ethical bonds. The present study reveals the culturally unique aspects of the Taiwanese bei dao process. Limitations of the present study and future directions are discussed and reflected.

This Taiwanese study with a large sample size revealed a prevalence rate of psychosocial distress similar to rates found in Western countries. Contact with the PCT was established in only 36% of significantly distressed patients, despite a proactive outreach program. It is very important to have screening results made available in a timely fashion to the psycho-oncology team so that appropriate care can be offered promptly.

A total of 84 breast cancer survivors completed a package of psychological inventories in 2009 (Time 1), 2012 (Time 2), and 2016 (Time 3). Latent class growth analysis revealed three posttraumatic growth trajectory patterns: distressed posttraumatic growth ( n = 5, 6.7%), illusory posttraumatic growth ( n = 42, 56.0%), and constructive posttraumatic growth ( n = 28, 37.3%). Women with more frequent use of helplessness-hopelessness coping and lower depression levels at Time 1 were more likely to display an illusory than a constructive posttraumatic growth trajectory pattern. Illusory posttraumatic growth might represent a form of coping rather than authentic positive changes. Researchers and clinicians should understand different patterns of posttraumatic growth.