No abstract

Cardiovascular disease, which can lead to angina and shortness of breath, remains one of the most serious threats to human health. Owing to its imperceptible symptoms, it is difficult to determine the pathogenesis and treatment methods for cardiovascular disease. Nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) is a protein found in all cells of the human body. It is activated, transferred to the nucleus, and bound to DNA by antioxidant response elements (AREs). As a regulator of the antioxidant system, it upregulates the expression of HO-1 to reduce oxidative stress. Nrf2/HO-1 also has the ability to modulate calcium levels to prevent ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, programmed cell necrosis, alkaliptosis, and clockophagy. In view of the importance of Nrf2/HO-1 in the regulation of homeostasis, this review summarizes current research on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and Nrf2/HO-1. Normal cardiovascular diseases, such as viral myocarditis and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, have been treated with Nrf2/HO-1. Rheumatic heart disease, cardiac tumors, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, hypertensive heart disease, and myocardial infarction have also been treated during experiments. Research has demonstrated the clinical application of Nrf2/HO-1 in pediatric cardiovascular disease; further clinical trials will help elucidate the potential of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis.

We successfully realized layered decoding for LDPC convolutional codes designed for application in high speed optical transmission systems. A relatively short code with 20% redundancy was FPGA-emulated with a Q-factor of 5.7dB at BER of 10 -15 .

Respiratory diseases are one of the most common pediatric diseases in clinical practice. Their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are thus worthy of further investigation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling axis is a multiple organ protection chain that protects against oxidative stress injury. This signaling axis regulates anti-inflammation and antioxidation by regulating calcium ions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, alkaliptosis, and clockophagy. This review presents an overview of the role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis in the pathogenesis of pediatric respiratory diseases and the latest research progress on this subject. Overall, the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis has an important clinical value in pediatric respiratory diseases, and its protective effect needs further exploration.