Annotation. Energy industry based on "clean" energy technologies is significantly different from energy industry that uses traditional hydrocarbon resources. The construction of solar power plants, wind farms and electric vehicles requires more minerals than their fossil fuel counterparts. Since 2010, along with the growth in the use of renewable energy sources, the average amount of minerals required for a new unit of installed capacity for electricity production has increased by 50%. The gradual transition to "clean" energy should lead to a significant increase in the need for mineral resources, i.e. the energy sector is becoming a driving force in the mineral markets. By the mid-2010s, the energy sector accounted for a small share of total demand for most minerals. However, as the energy transition began to gain momentum, "clean" energy technology became the fastest growing segment of demand. In a scenario that meets the goals of the Paris Agreement, the share of clean energy technologies in total demand will increase significantly over the next two decades. Developed countries are stepping up their efforts to reduce emissions, but they also need to make sure that their energy systems remain sustainable and secure. Modern international energy security mechanisms are ISSN (Print) 2307-6968, ISSN (Online) 2663-2209 Вчені записки Університету «КРОК» №3 (63), 2021 141 designed to insure against the risks of disruptions or spikes in the supply of hydrocarbons, especially oil. The decarbonisation of energy requires those who shape energy policy to pay attention to new potentially vulnerable positions in energy security, including the provision of critical mineral resources. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the importance of critical minerals and their role in the transition to "clean" energy. The methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis and system approach are used in the work. The materials were scientific reports of international organizations, private and public companies, foreign publications on this issue. Therefore, concerns about price volatility and security of supply are growing in developed countries, whose energy systems have a significant share of renewable energy sources.
The article is about formulating a framework of actions for agrarian enterprises financial support provision on the base of researching managerial aspects of its implementation and its connection with nature management sphere. Analysis of the structure of agrarian enterprises financial resources sources proved the fact that the main emphasis of the financial resource’s formation is from their own sources. It is proved that financing the activity of agrarian enterprises is based on the specifics of its functioning and on the basis of it it’s determined evaluation indicators of agricultural enterprises strategic cost management effectiveness with the aim of indicating the structure of their financial resources sources. It is determined implementation impact of using principles of CALS in the agrarian enterprises management system. It is investigated open supply chain platform that covers several areas: financing agro bank; distribution of seeds, plant protection products and fertilizers; purchase of grain; logistics; agrotechnologies; providing IT and financial advice; export sales. Comprehensive assessment of the resource potential of the regional agro-industrial complex is calculated. Obviously, the activity of agrarian enterprises affects not only the production area but also the whole system of economics organization and functioning.
Abstract. In the context of the transition from a linear model of the economy to circular issues of waste management and prospects for the development of circular economy, technologies are relevant and require further study. The article explores the necessity and advantages of introducing a circular economy model for further efficient development of the national economy. The trend in the volume of education and waste management in the territory of Ukraine for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. The negative trends in the growth of generated waste over the study period by 4,49 % and the decrease in waste disposal by 25,86 % have been identified. An analysis was made of the development of the volumes of waste generation according to hazard classes in the territory of Ukraine for the period 2010—2019. which led to the conclusion that there was a positive trend of 2.51 times less generation of such wastes. The trend in waste generation by type of economic activity of enterprises and in households for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. The most significant increase in waste generation by 12,41% was found in the mining industry and quarrying. The trend in environmental protection expenditure in Ukraine by type of economic activity for the period 2010—2019 was analyzed. This has made it possible to identify the most cost-effective economic activities. A classification of technologies of circular economy is proposed, which distinguishes technologies aimed at recycling already accumulated industrial and household waste, technologies aimed at reducing the toxic load on the environment, and eco-design technologies. Based on the situation of waste management prevailing in the territory of Ukraine, it is proposed that priority be given to the development and introduction of technology aimed at the recycling of already accumulated industrial and household waste. Keywords: waste management,linear economy, circular economy, waste-free technologies, state, development, prospects. JEL Classіfіcatіon Q32, Q51 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 6; bibl.: 28.
Анотація. Відновлювана енергія є одним з пріоритетів Енергетичного союзу. Директива 2009/28/ЄС про заохочення використання енергії з відновлювальних джерел є центральним елементом політики Енергетичного союзу та ключовим рушієм для досягнення цілей відновлюваної енергії на 2020 рік. З точки зору забезпечення енергетичної безпеки відновлювані джерела енергії зменшують залежність від імпорту горючих корисних копалин. Збільшення використання відновлюваної енергії дозволило ЄС зменшити попит на горючі корисні копалини. Аналогічно, європейська залежність від імпорту енергії знизиться завдяки первинному енергопостачанню, яке значною мірою відбуватиметься з відновлюваних джерел енергії. Для внутрішнього енергетичного ринку відновлювані джерела енергії відіграють все більшу роль, зокрема, для ринку електроенергії. Відновлювані джерела енергії є одним з ключових факторів інновацій. У галузі відновлюваних джерел енергії більше половини винаходів компаній, що базуються в ЄС, набувають патентного захисту за межами Європи. Це свідчить про високу цінність нововведень, оскільки патентний захист проводиться з огляду на те, що він має комерційний потенціал на зовнішніх ринках. Це робить ЄС одним із світових інноваційних лідерів. ЄС є орієнтиром у показниках успішних шляхів до енергетичного майбутнього, що базується на відновлюваних джерелах енергії, займаючи передові позиції в енергетичних інноваціях. Галузь відновлюваних джерел енергії є джерелом економічного зростання, робочих місць та значним оборотом фінансів. Зниження вартості технологій у секторі відновлювальної енергетики у поєднанні з діджиталізацією робить відновлювані джерела енергії важливими для споживачів. Реалізована в даний час політика в галузі відновлювальної енергетики та заплановані ініціативи щодо неї можуть бути недостатніми у ряді державчленів ЄС для досягнення своїх національних обов'язкових цілей вчасно. У цьому контексті триває нова мобілізація зусиль на всіх рівнях та в усьому Європейському Союзі.
Developing an energy policy is a long term challenge. This needs a clear but flexible framework: clear in that it represents an approach endorsed at the highest level, flexible in that it needs periodic updating. This allows stocktaking, monitoring progress and identifying new challenges and responses on all aspects of energy policy. The purpose of the research is to investigate the current trends of Ukraine energy strategy development in the context of energy security and identify promising development directions. This paper is based on the traditional methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesisin identifying energy strategy development in the context of energy security; comparison and compilationto analyze the experience of Ukraine energy strategy development; statistical methodtrends of Ukraine energy strategy development; scientific support methodsto summarize and to formulate conclusions on priority of the Ukrainian state energy policy for providing energy security. These approaches allow to allocate the challenges and opportunities for Ukraine to develop energy sector, to achieve the goals of Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035. The article provides the current development trends of the energy strategy of Ukraine in the situation of integration into the European energy environment. Based on the study, measures are proposed in Ukraine's energy policy to ensure energy security, which implies diversification of routes and sources of energy resources and technology, a sharp improvement in the effective use of resources, development of renewable energy, a new model for the functioning of the coal industry, integration of energy markets of Ukraine and the European Union, sustainable development of the energy sector.
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