Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown considerably in recent years and have a significant potential in different applications including health, environment, and military. Despite their powerful capabilities, the successful development of WSN is still a challenging task. In current real-world WSN deployments, several programming approaches have been proposed, which focus on low-level system issues. In order to simplify the design of the WSN and abstract from technical low-level details, high-level approaches have been recognized and several solutions have been proposed. In particular, the model-driven engineering (MDE) approach is becoming a promising solution. In this paper, we present a survey of existing programming methodologies and model-based approaches for the development of sensor networks. We recall and classify existing related WSN development approaches. The main objective of our research is to investigate the feasibility and the application of high-level-based approaches to ease WSN design. We concentrate on a set of criteria to highlight the shortcomings of the relevant approaches. Finally, we present our future directions to cope with the limits of existing solutions.

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An important key challenge in Embedded Real Time Systems (ERTS) analysis is to provide a seamless scheduling strategy. Formal methods for checking the temporal characteristics and timing constraints at a high abstraction level have proven to be useful for making the development process reliable. In this paper, we present a Petri Net modeling formalism and an analysis technique which supports not only systems scheduling analysis but also the compositional specification of real time systems. The proposed Priority Time Petri Net gives determinism aspect to the model and accelerates its execution. Indeed, a compositional specification of a PTPN for complex application and multiprocessor architecture that solves the problem of hierarchy is presented.

This paper proposes a model driven approach for the schedulability analysis at an early stage of the embedded system development life-cycle. The activity diagram of Unified Modeling Language (UML) annotated with the profile for the Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded systems (MARTE) is mapped into Priority Time Petri Net (PTPN) to enhance formal schedulability test of given real time tasks. The generated PTPN model is interpreted and executed to check whether a schedule of a task execution meets the imposed timing constraints. Therefore, the present paper focuses on the definition of temporal properties and tasks dependency by means of activity diagram and MARTE profile. Besides, it describes the transformation rules from analysis model to formal model.