RYGB is associated to high bone resorption and hyperparathyroidism prevalence in postmenopausal women in the long-term. This occurs independently of the intake of calcium, vitamin D status, or ghrelin and does not seem to affect BMD after RYGB.

Context:The effects of medical and surgical treatments for obesity on peptide YY (PYY) levels, in patients with similar weight loss, remain unclear.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess PYY and appetite before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and medical treatment (MED).Design: This was a prospective, controlled, nonrandomized study. Setting:The study was conducted at the Departments of Nutrition and Digestive Surgery at a university hospital.Participants: Participants included three groups of eight patients with similar body mass indexes (RYGB 37.8 Ϯ 0.8, SG 35.3 Ϯ 0.7, and MED 39.1 Ϯ 1.7 kg/m 2 , P ϭ NS) and eight lean controls (body mass index 21.7 Ϯ 0.7 kg/m 2 ). Main Outcome Measures:Total plasma PYY, hunger, and satiety visual analog scales in fasting and after ingestion of a standard test meal were measured.Results: At baseline there were no differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of PYY, hunger, or satiety in obese groups. Two months after the interventions, RYGB, SG, and MED groups achieved similar weight loss (17.7 Ϯ 3, 14.9 Ϯ 2.4, 16.6 Ϯ 4%, respectively, P ϭ NS). PYY AUC increased in RYGB (P Ͻ 0.001) and SG (P Ͻ 0.05) and did not change in MED. PYY levels decreased at fasting, 30 min, and 180 min after a standard test meal in MED (P Ͻ 0.05). Hunger AUC decreased in RYGB (P Ͻ 0.05). Satiety AUC increased in RYGB (P Ͻ 0.05) and SG (P Ͻ 0.05). Appetite did not change in MED. PYY AUC correlated with satiety AUC (r ϭ 0.35, P Ͻ 0.05).Conclusion: RYGB and SG increased PYY and reduced appetite. MED failed to produce changes. Different effects occur despite similar weight loss. This suggests that the weight-loss effects of these procedures are enhanced by an increase in PYY and satiety. O ver the last 30 yr, the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide, becoming one of the world's most important public health problems and resulting in great efforts toward the development of strategies to treat this condition (1). However, medical interventions for obesity, including diet, physical activity, behavioral therapy, and weight loss drugs, are associated with poor weight reduction and are difficult to sustain in the long term (2). These modest results can be explained by several factors, one being that the human body responds to weight

Objective: To assess the nutritional status, food intake and physical activity patterns in schoolchildren attending 5th and 6th grade in basic schools from different socio-economic levels in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Design: Cross-sectional study in children 5th and 6th grade of eighteen basic schools in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Setting: Boys and girls aged 9-12 years from basic schools were evaluated in terms of physical capacity. An anthropometric evaluation was also performed which included weight, height and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Food intake was evaluated by a 24 h recall, socio-economic level by the ESOMAR method and physical activity by a questionnaire. Subjects: Boys and girls aged 9-12 years (n 1732). Results: The average prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40 %, with the highest prevalence in males and those from lower socio-economic level. A majority (64 %) of the children had a low level of physical activity. A higher intake of fat and protein and a higher intake of carbohydrate were found in the higher and lower socio-economic levels, respectively. Both males and females showed adequacy greater than 75 % in macronutrient intake except for fibre, with both groups showing a deficit in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and milk products according to Chilean recommendations. Conclusions: A high prevalence of malnutrition by excess was observed in both sexes and a better eating and physical activity pattern was seen in children from higher socio-economic level.

Weight loss by medical or surgical treatment improved insulin sensitivity. However, only MED corrected the hyperinsulinemic postprandial state associated to obesity. Postprandial GLP-1 levels increased significantly after SG without duodenal exclusion, which may explain why insulin secretion did not decrease following this surgery.

No abstract

No abstract