BackgroundIn high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence population, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. HIV is driving the TB epidemic in many countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the survival time and predictors of mortality among tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) strategy in Dessie Referral Hospital tuberculosis clinic, Northeast Ethiopia.MethodA historical cohort design was utilized to assess survival time and determinants of mortality. A total of 1260 records of patients who started ant-tuberculosis treatment from January 2006 up to December 2010 were analyzed. Survival curves were estimated using Kaplan–Meier and were compared using the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between baseline variables and mortality.ResultsOut of the 1260 registered patients, 117 (9.3 %) died over the entire follow-up period. Among those died, 113 (18 %) were HIV positive and 4 (0.6 %) were HIV negative. The 1260 patients contributed a cumulative total of 634.25 person‑years observation.ConclusionThe mortality of HIV positive tuberculosis patients was higher than those of HIV negative patients and the use of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy increased the survival time of patients.

BackgroundDrug use evaluation is a performance improvement method that focuses on evaluating and improving drug use process to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Drug use evaluation helps in identifying, preventing or resolving actual and potential drug related problems. The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of cotrimoxazole as preventive therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS in Boru Meda Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective drug use evaluation was conducted on patients’ medical history records based on a validated drug use evaluation criteria according to the national guideline. Medical history records of 248 patients were selected using systematic sampling method.ResultsThe result showed that 49.6% of the patients were at WHO clinical stage III at the start of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy. In this study, the use of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy was consistent with the guideline in the rationale for indication (97.98%), dose (96.77%), and its use despite the presence of contraindications (91.93%). Problems regarding drug-drug interaction were identified in 49.59% of cases, and 20.97% of patients discontinued cotrimoxazole preventive therapy due to different reasons.ConclusionsIn most patients cotrimoxazole preventive therapy was consistent with the national guideline regarding the rationale for indication, dose, discontinuation and its use in the presence of contraindications.

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Background Multiple factors may contribute to sleep disruption among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellites. Sleep disruption among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellites is frequently associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs. Nevertheless, literature in this regard is scanty in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellites patients and non-diabetes individuals in Bahir Dar governmental hospitals. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was employed among 292 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellites and 291 non-diabetic individuals in Bahir Dar governmental hospitals from March 01- to April-01. A two-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select participants. Pittsburgh sleeps quality index was used for assessing sleep quality. For analysis, descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used. Result The prevalence of poor sleep was 50.7% (95% CI; 44.9–56.2) and 31.8% (95% CI 26.5–37.5) among individuals with type 2 diabetes melilites and non-diabetic, respectively. Among the overall participants, type 2 diabetes melilites patients were also significantly associated with poor sleep quality than non-diabetic individuals (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI; 1.19–2.87). Comorbidity, duration of DM > 10 years, Poor glycaemic control, depression, low physical activity, and poor social support were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality among individuals with type 2 diabetes melilites. Among non-diabetic individuals, low physical activity, poor social support, depression, and age group (> 50 years) were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion In this study, poor sleep among individuals with type 2 diabetes melilites was higher than in non-diabetes individuals.

Background Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, it is still the second most common female cancer globally and the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in African. Though many efforts have been done to study the burden of the disease in Ethiopia, primary studies examining the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions are fragmented. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion and its trends in Ethiopia. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the following electronic databases. PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus (AIM), African Journals Online databases, and Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar Universities research repositories were searched following the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Guideline. STATA 15 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. A random effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia. Finally, the trend of precancerous cervical lesion in the country was presented. Result Seventeen studies with a total of 26,112 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was 15.16 (95% CI 10.16–19.70). The subgroup analysis by region showed the highest prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion at the Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (19.65%; 95% CI 15.51–23.80). The trend of precancerous cervical lesion prevalence showed an increased pattern over time. Conclusion Approximately one among six of the study participants had precancerous cervical lesion. The trend also showed that there is still an increasing precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia. Best practices in achieving high vaccination coverage shall be informed by practices in other successful countries.